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1. Application value The dragon fruit has an oval shape with red scales. It looks like a lion's head. The fruit has red and white colors. It contains not only rich vitamins B1, B2, B3, and C, but also a lot of natural fibers. Sulphur, glucose, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, iron and the minerals the body needs are rich in nutrients, but also have detoxification, nourishing stomach, clearing blood, reducing fire, lowering blood pressure, lowering cholesterol, preventing arteriosclerosis, constipation, and anemia. , angular cheilitis, colds and other effects, in addition to diabetes is a special fruit. Because it is a wild plant, its adaptability and disease resistance are very strong. It basically does not use pesticides. It is pollution-free green berry. Its fruit can not only be eaten fresh, but also processed into various fruit juices. The flower of dragon fruit can also be used for cooking. Fried food, soup, salad. Dragon fruit flower fruit period is as long as 3 to 4 months. It is of high ornamental value. It can not only be used as an indoor bonsai, but also an ideal ornamental plant. It is also a raw material for winemaking.
2. Botany characteristics The main root of pitaya is not obvious, the lateral roots are well developed, and the lateral distribution diameter can reach more than 2 meters. Most of the roots are distributed in the topsoil layer of 10 to 20 cm. The dragon fruit is an epiphytic polyspermatophyte and its leaves are adapted. Long-term drought conditions degenerate into needle-like thorns, and the fleshy stems replace the leaf's function. Plants up to 2 meters, stems are triangular, dark green, more branched, 50 to 70 cm long, 5 to 6 cm thick stem; flowering May to November, flower funnel-shaped milky white, diameter up to 25 cm, length 30 cm , with aromatic odor; fruit elliptical, length 13 ~ 15 cm, width 9 ~ 12 cm, red, white or red flesh, fragrant, sugary 12 to 15 degrees, within a year to flower 5 to 6 batches, single plant results More than 20, single fruit weight 0.4 ~ 0.75 kg, high yield period of up to 30 years.
3. Selection of Shed Room Ordinary second-generation solar greenhouses can be planted. The back wall of the shed is 2 meters high, and the ridge height is 2.5 to 3 meters. The span is generally not more than 7 meters. The length is 50 meters or so. The base thickness of the wall is 2 meters and the upper end is 1 meter. In front of the shed dig 50 cm deep cold-proof ditch, to prevent aging polyethylene without dripping film for the shed film, improve the utilization of light energy, thicken the cold grass screen or paper quilt, set the shed inside the heating furnace three to prepare Yin Snow warms up in winter and winter.
4. Requirements for the environment and soil (1) Temperature Dragon fruit prefers warmth, the optimum growth temperature is 20 ~ 30 °C, and the high temperature difference between day and night is conducive to the accumulation of nutrients. The experimental data showed that pitaya plants grew slowly at 8°C, and they were freeze-damaged when the temperature was lower than 4°C. They were dormant or semi-dormant when they were higher than 35°C or lower than 8°C.
(2) The light dragon fruit is hi light but it is also more shade-tolerant. Adequate light can make the plant strong and more pregnant buds, and vice versa can lead to plant growth.
(3) Water Dragon fruit plants have strong drought tolerance, and the air humidity is kept at 60% to 70%, and the number and frequency of watering in the field depend on different growing seasons. In general, the spring temperature is low, the evaporation is small, the plants grow slowly, and the water consumption is low. Water should be less. In spring and summer, the season is full, the light is sufficient, and the wind and evaporation are large. At this time, you should pour more water. In the midsummer, when the sun is strong and the temperature is too high, the plants will appear to sleep for a short time. Watering should be reduced, and the shade nets must be cooled. Pay attention to flood control and flooding. Avoid bodied water and avoid rot. Autumn is coming, the temperature is appropriate, and the temperature difference between day and night is great. Plants grow fast and should be properly watered. It is better to water in the hot and warm seasons in the morning or in the evening. The plant growth season is suitable for watering. In the fruiting period, the soil is not wet and dry. It is advisable to stop watering for 5 days before fruit harvesting to facilitate the accumulation of sugar.
(4) The soil dragon fruit has strong adaptability to soil, but it is better to have loose air, good drainage, strong water retention and moisturizing properties, and organic-rich loam. The soil pH value is 6 to 7, and black clay and red clay should be suitable. Mixed with sand, rice husk, sawdust, peat, etc. for improvement.
Pitaya cultivation fertilizer is dominated by nitrogen fertilizer at the seedling stage. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be used for the flower and fruit stage. Decomposed livestock, poultry excrement, rot leaf soil, bean cake, peanut cake, bone meal, and shell powder are all very good. Fertilizer, supplemented with a small amount of fertilizer. When nursery plots are used to make earthworms, 1500-2000 kg of organic manure per acre and 100-150 kg of superphosphate are used. Mix well with 4 to 5 cm topsoil. After cutting the cuttings, apply compound fertilizer once every 10 to 15 days in combination with watering, applying 5 to 7 kg per mu. Field cultivation, organic fertilizer 4000 kg per acre, superphosphate 100 ~ 150 kg. During the prosperous period of spring and autumn, nitrogen-based compound fertilizer is applied once every 15 days. In summer, plants in the high-temperature period enter a semi-dormant state. Fertilization should be suspended. The weather turns cooler after autumn and the physiological activities of the plants are slow. Applying a thin fertilizer, the winter plants are in hibernation to stop fertilizing. The fertilization time should be selected in the morning or in the evening, and the fertilization effect will be better in 2 to 3 days after the rain. Fertilizer concentration should be mastered with thin manure. During the fruiting period, fertilizers rich in various trace elements should be applied to improve the quality of the fruit.
5. Planting methods (1) Nursing seedlings Pitaya seedlings are often grown using vegetative shoot cuttings. Requires excellent varieties, robust branches without pests and diseases, cuttings should be treated with strict chemical treatment, nursery should choose fertile soil, good drainage, ventilation sunny field, after planting seedlings, 7 to 10 days, 1 water, 10 to 15 Tian Shi 1 compound fertilizer, to be grown in the first quarter full of fleshy stems, plant height 50 cm above can be out of the garden.
(2) Daejeon is planted with a width of 1.4 meters and a gap of 40 centimeters is reserved between the two chambers to make a 20-cm deep trench. The soil in the trench is evenly spread on the surface of the raft, so that the middle of the raft is high and the shoulders are low.
(3) Planting density Taking the cement column horizontal scaffold as an example, the row spacing is 1.5 to 1.8 meters, the plant spacing is 1.2 meters, and one column is two plants. Mu Liumiao 600 ~ 700 strains.
(4) The scaffolding is designed to bury two cement columns in the middle of each concrete column in the middle of each concrete column. The top of the column is made of 10# wire to form a space net to suspend the fruit sticks.
(5) Timely planting dragon fruit can be planted all year round, but it is appropriate from March to May.
6. Pruning of field pruning dragon fruit can be germinated 15 to 20 days after planting. The plant grows rapidly. The average daily height is more than 2 cm. During the growth process, a lot of buds are produced. Therefore, pruning should be paid attention to. Leave a main trunk and cut off all other side branches until the main stem grows to the desired height (1.5 to 1.8 meters). Promote the development of lateral branches, that is, the subsequent branches, the number of reserved branches is generally 10 to 15 per plant, along with the growth of lateral branches, a reasonable distribution of space, for the dense branches on the side branches should be timely cut to avoid excessive consumption of nutrients . The seedlings planted in May can be flowered and fruited in May of the following year. Artificial pollination, thinning and fruit thinning should be used, and 3 to 5 fruit should be left for each hanging fruit branch.
7. Diseases and Insect Pests Pitaya is wild-type in its place of origin. Its ability to resist pests and diseases is very strong. However, there are occasions where ants are harmful to growth. Phoxim can be mixed with bran or rice bran to dilute the water 1000 times or 800 times. Liquid spray. The most fundamental approach should be to improve the cultivation conditions, artificially create clean, ventilated, adequate light, temperature and humidity suitable environment to make plants grow healthily, and improve the resistance to pests and diseases. It is necessary to pay attention to strengthening scientific management, not applying organic fertilizers that are not well-established, and not using fertilizers to prevent the accumulation of water in the fields. Commonly used fungicides are zein zinc (concentration 0.15% to 0.35%), carbendazim or thiophanate (concentration 0.1%) and so on.
Sunlight greenhouse pitaya cultivation technology
The dragon fruit, also known as the dragon fruit, is a perennial tropical plant of the cactus family and is native to South America. In order to achieve Nanguobeibei, Langfang City, Hebei Province, introduced the fruit in 2002. After tests, it overcomes the adverse weather conditions such as high temperature, drought, late rain and sun, and successfully produced the first batch of fresh fruit. In order to further promote planting, the product characteristics and cultivation techniques are outlined below.