Vitamin D has a positive effect on sows giving birth

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The importance of vitamin D to sows has not received enough attention. In recent trials in France and Germany, the efficacy of vitamin D was once again demonstrated. Studies have shown that vitamin D can reduce stillbirth and increase piglet weight.

The effect of vitamin D on sow production has been discussed in two articles at the end of 2012 and early 2013. For example, studying the role of vitamin D in over 200 gene expressions is a relatively new research direction.

Traditionally, the function of vitamin D is widely considered to promote calcium and phosphorus metabolism. For sows, this function is extremely important because the sow not only needs a lot of calcium to ensure the health and integrity of the bones, but also needs a lot of calcium during the milk production period.

How Vitamin D Works

Here, we need to take a step back to understand why vitamin D can really do so much. Vitamin D is produced from the skin's original vitamin D after ultraviolet irradiation in the sun. Subsequently, it is converted into a storage form in the liver and then it is produced into an active form in the kidney. This form of storage, which is also its main form of recycling, is known as 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, also known as calcifediol. The active form of vitamin D is 1,25-(OH)2-D3, also known as calcitriol.

The liver is an important organ that determines how much vitamin D is converted in the body. Therefore, we clearly understand why supplementing additional vitamin D3 is not enough to help sows and piglets get better health performance.

Looking at the above process, it may be beneficial to directly supplement octahydroxydiol. Based on this theory, DSM developed a product called Rodrigo, a commercial form of calcifediol. In feed applications, one gram of this product can replace 500 international units of vitamin D3. Earlier tests have shown that the level of glucomannan diol in the blood of sows after the sorption of calcifediol is significantly higher in the sow during the entire breeding cycle than in the equivalent vitamin D3 diet.

Latest test

Recently, DSM conducted two tests in France and Germany. The experimental animals were sows born with weaned piglets that had an annual output of more than 30 piglets. The amount of the above-mentioned calcidiol in the test group was 4 g/ton of full-price material, and the amount of vitamin D3 in the control group was 2000 international units/ton of full-price material. The trial period included the gestation period and lactation period of the sow, which lasted two consecutive breeding cycles and examined the improvement of sow reproductive performance.

The results of the study showed that the number of stillbirths was lower in sows fed the experimental group. In the German trial, the sow stillbirth rate was reduced by 10%. This was even more pronounced in the test results of sows born in France. The stillbirth rate was reduced by 13%.

The possible mechanism of action is that calcifediol acts positively on the balance of calcium and phosphorus in the sow and improves intestinal calcium absorption. This role ensures that there is enough calcium in the sow to prevent birth problems caused by calcium metabolism, such as dystocia and long labor. In fact, the correlation between low calcium levels in the blood, decreased muscle tone, and increased fetal death is well known.

In addition, the two studies also found that feeding sows to the sow during the entire pregnancy and during lactation increased blood calcium levels compared to standard vitamin D3. The calcium concentration in the blood has a positive effect on the farrowing process. In the French test, the calcium concentration in the blood of the experimentally treated calcifediol group was approximately 0.51 mg/dl (dl; 1 dl = 100 ml), whereas the control group was approximately 0.31 mg/dl.

This positive effect was confirmed by observing the entire sow's delivery process. For example, supplementation of calcidiol reduces manual birth and delivery interventions, such as artificial stimulation of uterine contractions. Another major change is the reduction of childbirth complications such as fever and palpation of the birth canal. Calcium promotes rapid postpartum milk production and improves milk production. Experimental studies have shown that weaning weight of piglets significantly increased in the experimental group fed with calcidiol.

The above research trials further confirmed that: based on the direct effect of improving calcium absorption, ossification of diol can improve the reproductive performance of sows at the time of tilling to weaning. Calcium balance is particularly important for sows that produce sows, because they need to provide enough milk to increase the muscle tension in the production process to ensure the fetal survival rate and the best growth performance of the piglets.

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