(1) Technical content

The mechanization technology of rapeseed planting is to directly transport rapeseed to the field or transplant the rape seedlings to the field by mechanical means. Both methods have the advantages of labor saving, high efficiency and cost saving.

1. Mechanized live broadcast technology. The rapeseed planter is used to directly spread the rapeseed in a row and planting technique according to a certain row spacing and plant spacing. It saves the seedling raising and transplanting, and has high working efficiency and less labor, which is conducive to realizing the cost-effectiveness of rapeseed production. . The rapeseed live broadcast is mainly based on less (free) tillage or shallow tillage. Generally, the use of double-type (free) tillage planter can complete multiple operations such as rotary tillage, trenching, sowing, fertilization and soil covering. The soil preparation and trenching can be carried out first, followed by mechanical sowing and fertilization.

2. Mechanized transplanting technology. The rapeseed transplanter is used to transplant the bare root seedlings or carcass seedlings of the rapeseed that are mechanically transplanted on the seedbed, and transplanted to the finished field according to a certain planting depth and density. The mechanized transplanting of rapeseed is generally more than three times more effective than manual transplanting.

(2) Technical requirements

1. Rape direct mechanization technology

(1) Choice of mouthwash and sowing date

For the winter rapeseed live field, the plots with the earlier crops should be selected, and the early abundance according to the local agronomic requirements should be carried out in a timely manner. The early sowing is suitable for high yield. The rapeseed live mechanization technology should be preferred in areas suitable for rotation.

(2) Preparation before broadcasting

The mechanical live field should be treated by rotary tillage or mites to avoid the impact of the straw, roots and weeds on the quality of the planting. Spray herbicides 3 days before sowing. According to the agronomic requirements of local high-yield rapeseed, try to use the “double low” high-yield varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting, which are resistant to lodging, cracking angle and mature period.

(3) Seeding operations

Before the broadcast, the uniformity of the displacement and the amount of the broadcast were adjusted first, and the normal broadcast amount was 150-200 g/mu. Different types of planters have different adjustment methods, which are generally achieved by adjusting the seed meter and the gear ratio. The seeding operation requires uniform seeding, no obvious broken strips, and the straight line is as straight as possible. The row spacing is generally 30cm, and the seed covering depth is controlled at 1-2cm.

2. Rape transplanting mechanization technology

(1) Nursery

The seedling bed is required to be flat and free of weeds, and is generally sown about 20 to 35 days before transplanting. The seeding rate of the bare root seedlings cultivated in the seedbed is generally controlled at 500 g/mu, and the seedlings are appropriately selected according to the degree of density after emergence. The bare root seedling height is ≤15~25cm; the corpus callosum body diameter is ≤4cm, or the section is ≤3×3cm.

(2) Site preparation

The quality of cultivated land is directly related to the quality of mechanized planting operations. After harvesting, the plant is sprayed with 20% gram of water-free liquid 150ml～200ml per acre to kill weeds, and then planting the soil. The transplanting field requires smoothing, the surface is neat, fine and not bad, and the broken soil layer is larger than 10cm. The rate of broken soil is greater than 90%. For the field where the rice is used as the rice, it should be dried and grounded as much as possible in order to make the clods finely divided and facilitate the transplanting of the machine. The “rice paddy field” where the soil is very compact or the water content is too high to achieve good tillage effect is not suitable for the existing transplanter operation.

(3) transplanting operation

According to the local high-yield cultivation agronomic requirements, the row spacing, plant spacing and planting depth are adjusted before transplanting. The row spacing is generally 30cm, the plant spacing is 20-30cm, and the planting depth is determined according to the size of rapeseed seedlings, generally 5-9cm. The transplanting operation requires no planting, the seedlings are straight and compact, and no roots or wounds are produced.

(three) matters needing attention

1. Mechanical live broadcast and transplanting are best chosen before the rain, so that after the rain, the seedlings and live seedlings can obtain the ideal effect of the whole seedling.

2. The seeds of the rapeseed machinery should be cleaned, dried, uniform in size, free of impurities and easy to separate seeds. The field should open the shovel (cavity) ditch, the waist ditch and the ditch, so that the ditch and the ditch can communicate and facilitate drainage. The machine should preferably be a precision hole seeding machine, such as a pneumatic rapeseed precision seeding machine. The mechanical operation route should be selected according to the size and shape of the block. It is not allowed to stop at any time during the operation. The turning should not be too fast, and the speed should not be too fast. The working speed of the double machine is generally 6 rev/min.

3. Strengthen field management. The key is to set the seedlings of rapeseed live seedlings, generally controlled at 2 to 25,000 plants/mu, and can be used to make a fixed seedling in the case of 4 to 5 true leaves of rapeseed. Timely fertilization to prevent pests and diseases.