The wheat combine harvester is a modern agricultural machine that combines a harvester, a thresher, and a traveling device with an intermediate conveying device. Its structure is more complicated and requires high usage. Only the correct use and operation can fully exert its performance, ensure the quality of work and extend its service life. According to the survey, a medium-sized self-propelled and backpack-type combine harvester can replace 290 and 180 labors respectively compared with labor; the loss rate is reduced from about 12% of artificial harvest to about 2%. In recent years, with the continuous development of the rural economy, the social holding capacity of the wheat combine harvester has also increased significantly year by year, and has become an important machine for wheat harvesting, but due to the inability of some operators to properly use and operate, the wheat combine harvester Failure to maximize performance, reduced job quality and reduced service life. Therefore, the correct use of the combine harvester is particularly important.

First, the environmental requirements for the use of combine harvesters

1. The wheat combine harvester is generally suitable for wheat harvesting on large plots with relatively flat terrain.

2. The wheat combine harvester is suitable for wheat harvest of the same variety and with the same maturity. Because only the varieties are the same, the wheat matures evenly.

3. According to the biological characteristics of wheat, the maturity of wheat grains is uneven on the main stem and tiller of the same wheat, even on the same ear. If the harvest is earlier, some of the kernels are not yet mature and affect the yield; if the harvest is later, the earlier mature kernels are prone to natural grain granulation or the loss of grain loss due to the hitting of the wheat ears. Therefore, the wheat harvested by the combine harvester is generally selected at the end of the wax.

Second, the preparation of the former plot before the use of the combine harvester
1. View the size and shape of the plot to be operated, wheat yield and variety, natural height, planting density, maturity and lodging. Do your best to make full use of mechanical performance, improve work quality and reduce losses.

2. Fill the horizontal gullies, deep trenches and pits of the plot so that it does not exceed 10cm; remove the obstacles in the field; if it cannot be removed, set up obvious marks to avoid hitting the cutter; if there are water wells and deep pits in the plot It is necessary to manually cut the wheat around it in advance, and its width is about 1.5m to avoid danger.

3. Improve the field access and facilitate the passage of the combine harvester.

Third, the preparation of the combine harvester before use

1. According to the requirements of the respective instruction manuals
(1) Check and adjust the components of the combine harvester to achieve a reliable state. In particular, it is important to focus on devices with large loads, high rotational speeds, and high vibration. Such as the header part, the threshing part and the grain clearing and grain unloading parts.

(2) Check if the lubricating oil at each part is sufficient.

(3) Check whether the other parts are loose or damaged. In particular, focus on wearable parts and replace if necessary.

2. After re-installation, maintenance or repair, the wheat combine harvester should be carefully tested. It is best to test the parts first (the harvesting table and the threshing part should be separately carried out), so that it is easy to concentrate on finding the problem and finally fully test the operation. During the trial operation, the operation, transmission, operation, adjustment, etc. of each organization should be carefully checked, and problems should be solved in time.

3. After the trial operation, before the formal harvesting, select a representative plot to carry out the trial cut. During the trial cut, you can actually check and solve the problems that were not found during the test run.

4, prepare enough spare parts and vulnerable parts.

Fourth, combine harvester field operation and adjustment
1. The combine harvester should enter the ground at a low forward speed, but the engine must reach the normal operating speed before the harvest begins, so that the thresher runs at full speed. The self-propelled wheat combine harvester should select the working gear position before entering the ground, and reduce the stepless speed to the minimum speed. When increasing the forward speed, try to achieve the stepless speed change and avoid changing the gear position. When receiving the ground, the header should be raised slowly to reduce the forward speed and turn, but the throttle should not be reduced to avoid blockage of the barrel.

2, the adjustment of the harvester

The self-propelled combine harvester should adjust the threshing gap, the front and rear position and height of the reel, etc. according to the wheat yield, dryness and wetness, natural height and lodging condition at any time during the harvesting process; This type of adjustment of the machine should be carried out before entering the ground.

3, choose the big throttle operation
The combine harvester should be operated with maximum efficiency. The throttle should always be operated at the time of harvesting. It is not allowed to reduce the forward speed by reducing the throttle, as this will reduce the drum speed, resulting in lower work quality and even block the drum.

4, the choice of work gear
In the harvesting process, the wheat combine harvester should select a reasonable working position according to factors such as wheat yield, natural height, dryness and wetness. Under normal circumstances, the wheat yield per mu is 300-400kg, the second gear can be selected; when the wheat yield is about 500kg, the first operation should be selected; when the wheat yield is below 300kg, the ground is flat and the skill is skilled, the wheat is mature. When you choose, you can choose the third gear.

5, the choice of operating width

Under normal circumstances, the combine harvester should be full of operations, but when the wheat production is too high or the humidity is too high, when the minimum operation is still overloaded, the cutting width should be reduced, and the general cutting width can be reduced to 80%. .

6. Harvest of dry crops

When the wheat has matured and passed the suitable harvesting period, it is easy to fall off during harvesting. The rotation speed of the reel should be appropriately lowered to prevent the fleece board from hitting the wheat ear to cause the loss of grain loss and reduce the operation speed. Harvest in the morning or evening.

7, the choice of cutting height and reel position

When the natural height of wheat is not high, the reasonable cutting height can be determined according to local habits, and the cutting height can be adjusted to the lowest, but generally not less than 15cm. When the wheat is naturally high and the wheat yield is high and humid. When the load of the wheat combine harvester is too large, in addition to the unevenness of the operation, the cutting height can be increased to reduce the feed and reduce the load. When the wheat stalk is low, the reel should be adjusted to a lower position. On the contrary, when the wheat stalk is higher, the reel should be adjusted to a higher position.

8. Harvest of fallen crops

When the horizontally lodging wheat is harvested, only the reel can be properly lowered, but generally it should be harvested on the other side of the lodging direction to ensure thorough separation of the wheat, smooth feeding, and reduction of the loss of the grain; Should work in the reverse direction, but the reverse harvest requires empty return, which seriously reduces the efficiency of the work. When the crop lodging is not very serious, it should be harvested back and forth in both directions. When reversing the harvest, adjust the reel teeth to a forward tilt of 15°-30°, and the reel should be lowered and backward; The plate teeth of the reel are adjusted to a position inclined by 15°-30° backwards, and the reel is raised and forward.

9, eyes on the six roads, listening to all directions

When the operator carries out the harvesting work, eye work, ear work and hand work should be done. It is necessary to observe the instrument on the bridge, the flow of crops on the header, and the operation of each working part. Listen carefully to the sound of the engine's threshing drum and other working parts. If you see or hear an abnormal situation, you should stop it immediately. When the engine sound is dull and the threshing drum sound is abnormal, the engine is black smoke, indicating that the threshing resistance in the drum is too large. The gap of the threshing drum should be adjusted appropriately, the forward speed should be lowered, or the main clutch should be stepped off immediately to stop the joint. The harvester advances the power, then increases the throttle to perform threshing. After the sound is normal, lower the working position or reduce the cutting width for normal operation.

Five, a few points of attention

1, pay attention to personal safety

Before the combine harvester is in operation, it must be honked and the surrounding personnel can leave before the power can be engaged. During the operation of the harvester, non-operators must not be close to avoid personal injury or death.

2, pay attention to the maintenance and repair of the shift

Check the brakes after the end of each day, the reliability of the steering, and repair or replace the deformed or damaged parts in time. When checking or adjusting under the header, the cylinder protection tube should be placed to prevent the header from accidentally falling. During the operation of the machine, the machine and various working parts should not be touched by hand. If it is necessary to eliminate the blockage or other faults, stop and then remove.

3, pay attention to do a good job of arson

There should be two reliable fire extinguishers on the vehicle. Do not add fuel or smoke to the harvested land. When refueling, turn off the engine and cut off the main power switch. Do not place tools and articles on the battery during work. Park the vehicle away from the high voltage line.