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Scientists are expected to use "spider silk" to develop a new anti-cancer vaccine
In order to effectively fight cancer, more and more scientists are using vaccines to stimulate the immune system of patients' bodies, thus effectively identifying and killing tumor cells; however, the ideal immune response may not always be possible. It is guaranteed that in order to enhance the effect of the vaccine on the body's immune system, especially T lymphocytes (specifically used to detect cancer cells), scientists from institutions such as the University of Geneva have developed a special spider silk microcapsule to develop Direct delivery of vaccines to the core of immune cells may hopefully help researchers develop new vaccines that are effective against a variety of diseases, including infectious diseases, and the research is published in the international journal Biomaterials.
Our body's immune system is based on two types of immune cells, B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. The former can produce antibodies needed by the body to fight against many diseases; when it is in cancer and specific infectious diseases (such as tuberculosis), etc. The body's T lymphocytes need to be stimulated to activate, however, the activation mechanism is much more complicated than B lymphocytes. In order to induce an immune response, T lymphocytes need to use a peptide molecule if the peptides are separate. If injected, it will be quickly decomposed by the body before it reaches its target.
Researcher Carole Bourquin said that in order to develop an immunotherapeutic drug that is effective against cancer, it is necessary to produce a T lymphocyte with obvious response. Because the current vaccine has very limited effect on T cells, We need to develop other vaccine strategies to overcome this problem.
Almost indestructible capsule
In the article, the researchers used a synthetic spider silk biopolymer, an ultra-light, biocompatible, non-toxic material that is highly resistant to light and heat degradation. The special filament was recreated in the laboratory and inserted into a peptide with vaccine properties. The synthetic protein chain was salted out to form an injectable particle. The filamentous particles form a transportable capsule that protects the vaccine peptides from rapid degradation of the body while transporting the peptides to the center of the lymph node cells, ultimately enhancing the immune response of the T lymphocytes; Research confirms that the researchers' skills are effective, and the new vaccine strategy is very stable and easy to manufacture and customize.
Establish a new vaccine model
The synthetic filamentous biopolymer particles have high heat resistance and can withstand high temperatures of 100 degrees Celsius for several hours without being damaged; in theory, this process will not require the vaccine development process. Adjuvant and cold chain transport are especially suitable for developing countries, because the biggest difficulty in many developing countries is how to effectively preserve the vaccine; however, another limitation faced by researchers is the size of the microparticles, which is in principle suitable for Any peptide, so it needs to be small enough to be integrated into the filamentous protein, and later researchers need more in-depth research to see if larger antigens can be added to the standard vaccine, especially for viruses. Sexual disease .
When science mimics nature
Finally, the researcher Scheibel said that scientists are now very good at imitating things in nature. This method actually has a name, which is "bioinspiration". The characteristics of spider silk make it a very Interesting products, such as: biocompatibility, solids, thin, biodegradable, extreme conditions and even antibacterial, in fact, spider silk has many medical applications, such as wound dressings or sutures.