Winter management of potato seed potato

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1. The temperature storage temperature is the most important condition for the storage quality of potato tubers. The tuber and its environment are always in thermal equilibrium. According to many years of storage experience, the difference between the temperature in the potato stack and the ambient air temperature is 1.8 times the height of the potato stack. In order to keep the temperature inside the stack from getting too high, it is generally required that the stack height does not exceed 2 meters, and generally it is 1/2 of the pit height that is most suitable. This will ensure good air convection and normal breathing of tubers. Timely regulation of heap temperature is the key to storage. The initial temperature during storage is maintained at 15~20°C. After the wound is healed, the temperature in the pit should be lowered to this suitable temperature. The temperature during the entire storage period is maintained at 2~3°C, because this storage temperature can make the seed potato more viable. Before and after the beginning of spring, the tubers are in a deep dormant state, with weak breathing, low heat release, and low outside temperature. Therefore, outside cold air should be prevented from entering the pit during this period to avoid freezing of tubers. After the spring begins, the temperature rises rapidly. At this time, it is necessary to prevent the entrance of hot air from the outside to avoid sprouting of tubers and to reduce the value of planting.

2. Humidity The seed potatoes that have just been harvested have high humidity. The penetration and evaporation of the potato peels results in high water vapor in the potato stack. In the early days when the temperature is high and the humidity is high, it is necessary to strengthen the air convection in order to reduce the temperature and humidity in the heap. However, when entering the severe winter season, the cellar temperature gradually decreased, and the cellar door should be completely closed so that the amount of water vapor in the cellar can remain basically constant. In the deep winter season in the northern cellar, there is often a small layer of water on the tubers in the upper part of the potato pile, which is what the people call “sweating”. This is because the humidity in the potato stack is relatively high, and the air with a relatively large amount of moisture escapes the potato heap and meets the cold air on the surface of the potato stack, resulting in condensation of excess steam. Therefore, it is best to cover the potato heap with a certain thickness of grass or other straw. The tubers at the top of the pile are warmed so that the condensing water on the top of the tuber causes excessive humidity and causes rot, and the covering can also receive frost water that melts in the pit. Humidity is 80%~90% most suitable during storage.

3. Concentrations of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide During tuber storage, the respiratory intensity is high, the oxygen demand is high, and more carbon dioxide is released. In well-ventilated conditions, air can enter the potato heap for good gas exchange without causing anoxic and carbon dioxide accumulation. However, if the ventilation is poor, it will cause tissue suffocation and produce "black heart". Excessive carbon dioxide will also affect the vitality of seed potatoes, resulting in reduced germination rate, and the tubers will produce a volatile substance that inhibits germination during storage. Therefore, conducting gas exchange and strengthening ventilation management are also important links.

Airway Management

Objective To evaluate the methods and the effects of an airway management nursing team in clinical practice

Airway Management,Airway Management Devices,Emergency Airway Management,Airway Obstruction Management

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