First, symptoms: manifested in the leaves, stems, bulbs. The leaves are sick and cause leaf blight. At the beginning, the tip of the leaf was browned and its length was 1-2mm. Afterwards, it gradually became heavier. The lesion expanded to a nearly triangular shape, became thin and dry, and had a cloud pattern. Lesions generally have a length of 17-28mm and a width of 5-8mm. The maximum lesion length is 56mm and the width is 12mm. Finally, the leaves die, and some of them also occur at the leaf margin. They are semi-oval brown lesions and can also lead to Leaves dead. The lesions on the earth's stem above the ground were brown dots or longitudinal stripes, and were slightly sunken. When severe, they caused the stems to collapse. After bulb disease, the outer scales produced many brown or dark brownish-brown or short-striped or irregular shaped lesions of varying sizes, with slight depressions and yellowing of the scales. The bulbs rotted severely. The above symptoms are often manifested in the plants, that is, once the disease occurs, the plants appear with leaf blight at the same time, the bulbs and the above-ground parts of the above-ground stems all have lesions, and the diseased part can simultaneously separate several pathogenic bacteria, rather than only one kind of symptoms. Caused by pathogens.
2. Pathogens: The strains collected from the field were identified by the Plant Protection Institute of the Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. There are four types: 1. Staphylococcus aureus, stems, leaves and bulbs of lily can be isolated. 2, Alternaria, isolated from the leaves. 3, Fusarium 4, Rhizoctonia. 3.4 are separated from the stem. These pathogenic bacteria overwinter in soil and plant diseases and planting materials, is the origin of the first year of lily disease. Reinfection can be caused in a suitable environment. Cause continuous disease, mainly by wind and rain and ground water splashing. In recent years, bacteria have harmed the lily, causing symptoms, resulting in the leaves of the lily and the bulbs turning yellow. In severe cases, the whole plant has died.
Third, the main factors of disease epidemic
3.1 Grafting: In the lily planting area, the same plot is generally 5-7 years old, and the elderly are more than 10 years old, providing conditions for the accumulation of pathogens in the soil, and is also an important basis for disease epidemic. In the old production areas of Pingchang, Gan'an, Youhe, Wujiazhuang and other townships, the rate of replanting land was 100%, the field rate was 10%, and the diseased plant rate was 15-36%.
3.2 Humidity: Lily lily prefers a warm and dry climate. It is suitable for living on sandy soil. The planting area is the old rice area. The soil is dominated by paddy soil, and the three ditch is not standard, which is easy to produce. Waterlogging and waterlogging not only affect the normal growth of lily and reduce the resistance to disease, but also provide the conditions for the invasion and development of pathogenic bacteria. It has become the main factor for the disease epidemic of lily disease. The four-year investigation found that in the years when there was a lot of rain, the disease became a pandemic, and the fields where water accumulated had serious diseases.
3.3 species of ball-bearing bacteria: Lily seed sources are generally selected from the lily bulbs of the year. Since the field diseases have not been effectively controlled, most of the harvested bulbs bear germs. This is the spread of lily disease and the incidence of the next year. The basis of pathogens was provided. We investigated in the newly developed lily plantation area. The rate of seeding bacteria was 93%, and the disease incidence rate reached 100%.
3.4. Harmful damage: Improper fertilization or excessive amounts of fertilization can lead to premature yellowing and dryness of the lower leaves of the plants and reduce the disease resistance of the lily. Farmers used to use ammonium bicarbonate as a base fertilizer. Or use organic manure such as pig manure and cow dung as base fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer is large, generally about 300 kg/mu. Due to excessive fertilization, the normal growth of lily is affected, and it also creates conditions for invasion of bacteria.
3.5 Density: Large density causes insufficient light in the lower part of the plant, and the air in the field is poorly shielded, which affects normal growth and facilitates the infection of pathogens. Lily plant spacing is 10cm13cm, about 50,000 per mu.
3.5 Density: Large density results in insufficient illumination of the lower part of the plant, which affects the normal growth of the lily, the unpleasant field cover, and poor kiln circulation, which affects normal growth and facilitates the infection of pathogens. One hundred kinds of plant spacing is 1013cm, 50,000 per mu.
Fourth, prevention and control measures
4.1 Agricultural control: Rotation: Some germs that infect Lily can survive in the soil for 2-3 years. Therefore, the severely affected land will be suspended for 3-4 years. Generally, the diseased land will be planted for 2-3 years. . It is best to use paddy crop rotations. Does not rotate with the same crops.
Scientific fertilization and reasonable close planting: Creating a favorable growing environment and improving its disease-resistance capacity is an effective way to prevent the occurrence of 100% damage. Fertilizer base fertilizer for phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and compost organic fertilizer, less or no inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, disease prevention can be used to kill 20 kg of seed cake per acre, grinding water after smashed (a week or so), plus 50 kg of plant ash mixed base fertilizer use. Advocate reasonable planting, plant spacing 16.520cm or 13.225cm, that is 2 - 25,000 per acre, the most not more than 30,000.
Good three ditch, widening the car into a narrow box: when the site preparation must play a good three ditch, change the old habit shallow ditch wide box for the deep ditch narrow box, in order to facilitate drainage. Three ditch standard: The ditch is 30cm wide, 25cm deep, 40cm wide, 30cm deep, 50cm wide and 45cm deep, and the ditch should have a gradient so that the rain can be stopped. The surface of the car is to be leveled, and the original 4 meters wide is 2-2.5 meters wide, and the field length should be opened every 15-20 meters.
Debris removal: Lily disease can survive for more than 15 months on the diseased body. Therefore, Lily disease should be removed and burned in order to reduce the initial infection of pathogenic bacteria.
4.2 Soil treatment: Soil-borne fungi are the main bacteria that cause lily diseases. In soil treatment, they can adopt: When the soil is set, use 50 lime per acre to spread, then plough the soil. This method should be carried out 15 days before planting; Or use Green Hunter No. 1 and 4000 times liquid plus constant thiram to spray seedlings and soil when the lily emerges.
4.3 Ball treatment: Before the seed ball is selected, the diseased scales are peeled off and then immersed in the prepared liquid for sterilization. The specific method: soak the ball in 40% formaldehyde 50 times for 15 minutes, rinse with water, and sow. Or soaked with 80% anthraquinformamide 500 times liquid for 10 minutes or 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times liquid soaked for 10 minutes immediately after rinsing with clean water, the treated bulbs can not be stuffed and stored.
4.4 Field Control: In the early onset of the field, use 80% of anthrax 500 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times, or 75% of chlorothalonil 600 times, or Green Hunter 1 4000 times plus constants. Fumei double spray, spray once every 5-7 days, even spray 2-3 times, several fungicides can be used interchangeably, the effect is better.

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