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1.1 varieties and cultivation plots
1.1.1 Variety selection: Half shredded head and Zhetong No.1, to meet the processing needs, can not only process block forming mustard, but also can cut wire processing.
1.1.2 Selection of cultivated plots: In line with the requirements of the province's pollution-free vegetable standard B33/T291.1, it is better to use loose soil, fertile soil, pH value of 6.5-7.5, plains with low groundwater level or sandy loam soil of sericulture.
1.2 sowing seedlings
1.2.1 sowing time: the end of September and early October, staged sowing in batches, premature sowing because of high temperatures, heavy virus, too late sowing is short before winter growth, tumor stem is small, low yield.
1.2.2 sowing quantity
1.2.2.1 The seeding rate is about 100g per 667m2 field, which requires that the seed is full and the germination potential is strong. When sowing is required, fine seeding and uniform seeding are required. Generally, the area ratio of transplanting field and seedbed can reach more than 10 times.
1.2.2.2 Seeds were treated with 10% trisodium phosphate for 10 minutes before sowing and then washed 10 times to passivate the virus, reduce the damage of the virus, or mix with mancozeb.
1.2.2.3 Before planting, the basal fertilizer should be applied to the seedlings and treated with 50% phoxim in 1000 times to eliminate the underground pests.
1.2.3 Management of seedlings
1.2.3.1 After sowing, cover the seeds with fine soil and spray the noodles with a herbicide of 60% butachlor 100ml or acetochlor 50~70ml before germination, and cover the shade net or other sunshade on the top before emergence. Timely unveiled.
1.2.3.2 Remove the seedlings in time after emergence, remove impurities, and go to diseased plants so that they do not crowd seedlings. After the first time the seedlings are pulled and cross, they will be used once every 7 days, usually 2-3 times.
1.2.3.3 Apply thin fertilizer timely after each seedling, and spray water moisturizing in time according to weather conditions. It should be carried out sooner or later.
1.2.3.4 Dredging 2-3 times at the seedling stage, the pesticide can be used alternately with 2.8% of the 1.8% EC halva insect pest, 10% of the net 3,000 times, etc., to prevent the ticks from transmitting virus disease.
1.2.3.5 Give up a few days before transplanting and start to grow fertilizer. Do a good job of taking medicine and soil. When transplanting, seedlings and plants must be poured with enough water to facilitate soiling.
1.2.3.6 Strong seedlings: Miao Qi Miao Zhuang, 4 to 5 leaves when transplanted, no virus infection.
1.3 Transplanting colonization
1.3.1 Apply basal fertilizer and prepare soil for 667m2 per 667m2 of organic fertilizer 2000-2500kg, plow till soil, apply 50kg compound fertilizer or other corresponding fertilizer in Maotian, and then prepare the soil and make it into a width of 1.5m. Turtle shape.
1.3.2 Transplanting in appropriate period with seedling age of 40 days, 4 leaves and 1 heart as good, usually in the mid-November in November is good, no later than November 25, in case of drought transplanting can be ditch irrigation once, not more than Make noodles to ensure that the mustard is planted at the right time.
1.3.3 Transplanting density Binhai plain area 667m2 planting 20,000 or so, spacing of 24cm, spacing of about 12cm, 5 per pod species, plain rice or mulberry 667m2 planting about 1 ~ 12,000 plants, plant spacing 20cm. Immediately after transplanting, root water is poured to ensure survival.
1.4 Field Management
1.4.1 Pre-winter growth period (early period)
1.4.1.1 Apply rooting fertilizer after transplanting in time or after applying seedlings, generally 667m2 with urea 4 ~ 5kg, add water 1000kg, use the limited growth period before winter (usually before December 15th), make its leaves strong Growth, to achieve strong seedlings over the winter, thick leaves, green leaves, cold resistance.
1.4.1.2 After the emergence of seedlings, mu 60% butachlor emulsion 100 ~ 125ml water 50-60kg spray drying surface or use acetochlor 50-75ml water 50 ~ 60kg spray, prevent weeds.
1.4.1.3 In case of prolonged drought before the winter, the ditch may be watered once according to the situation, and drained in time, and it shall not be full of flour.
1.4.1.4 Datian timely defends locusts 1 or 2 times according to climatic conditions. The medicine is selected in the same way as seedlings, and virus strains are promptly removed to prevent infection.
1.4.1.5 If there is too much rain in winter, drainage should be drained in time to prevent the stain.
1.4.2 Daejeon Management (mid-term)
1.4.2.1 In the early stages of tumour stem enlargement, the time is from mid-January to early February. The leaves are required to be old and healthy and have strong resistance to stress.
1.4.2.21 In the second month of next month, the second fertilizer is applied. Generally, every 667m2 is filled with 25kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 20g of superphosphate, 5kg of potassium chloride, and 1500kg of water to meet the needs of the early expansion of tumor stems.
1.4.2.3 Do a good job of digging and draining trenches in time according to the weather conditions in the winter. At the same time, remove weeds along the ditch to prevent weeds and vegetables from competing for fertilizer.
1.4.2.4 Prepare cold and freeze-proof work, cover soil and cover grass at the side, and prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer.
1.4.3 Daejeon Management (late stage)
1.4.3.1 During the expansion of tumor stems, with the increase of temperature, the growth of mustard grows faster and the rate of tumor expansion increases. Around mid-March, stems and leaves are required to grow in harmony and reduce hollowness.
1.4.3.22 heavy fertilizer is applied at the end of the next month, 667m2 is made of urea 25kg plus 12.5kg potassium chloride plus water pouring, avoid withdrawal or single application of nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in burns of leaves and tumor stems, etc., after one week, according to the growth , and then top dressing 1, prompting tumor stem enlargement consistent with the growth of the leaves, reduce the hollow, reduce the hollow index.
1.4.3.3 The temperature rises in the months of March and 2 months after the beginning of spring, and the year when there is more rain, the humidity in the field is high, and the high temperature and humidity may cause diseases. We must seize the time to do a good job of drainage.
2 Integrated pest management
2.1 Prevention and control measures Based on the principle of prevention, comprehensive prevention and control, based on agricultural control, according to the occurrence of pests and diseases, the use of chemical control, biological control, physical and mechanical control according to local conditions, etc., according to the principles of effective, economic, and safe control of pests and diseases, And must meet the pollution-free requirements of DB33/291.2-2000.
2.2 Control methods
2.2.1 Diseases: There are mainly viral diseases, soft rot and downy mildew, especially viral diseases. Prevention methods include:
2.2.1.1 Agricultural control: 1 Take a reasonable rotation, especially the nursery field requires no cruciferous crops within 3 years. 2 Select the appropriate sowing date. 3 Insect nets used for seedlings and field mulching to prevent pests, especially aphids, from transmitting viruses. 4 Strengthen fertilizer and water management, promote the growth of seedlings and plants, and increase plant resistance.
2.2.1.2 Chemical control: Virus disease In addition to the complete prevention and control of aphids, 20% of virus A can be sprayed at 800 times. Soft rot occurs during the seedling stage and nodule-based enlargement period, and is sprayed with 100,000 units/kg of agricultural streptomycin or 70% mancozeb WP. Downy mildew is prone to occur when the humidity is high in the field. It can be sprayed with 50% of carbendazim 600 times liquid or 72% of DuPont Kelu 750 times.
2.2.2 Insect pests: There are mainly locusts, flea beetles, and diamondback moths. In addition to adopting clean gardens, reducing the base number of insects, and adopting pest control nets to cover nursery and other agricultural measures, the occurrence of damage can be controlled by chemical methods.
Locust: In the early stage of seedling stage, the period of colonization was severely damaged. It was sprayed with 20% of good year of winter oil 1500-2000 times of liquid, 10% of net 3000 times of liquid, and 1% of insecticidal 3000 times of liquid.
Yellow Stripe Jumper: Sprayed with 80% of dichlorvos 800-1000 times. Plutella xylostella larvae: controlled with 800-fold inhibition of 5% EC and 1500-fold protection with 5% SC.
2.2.3 Harvest According to the growth condition, the budding period of mustard must be harvested in time. In normal climate years, generally it will be harvested in early April and will end around April 15th. The harvest will be too late, the outer skin will be old, the fiber will be high, and the hollow rate will be high. : The production areas such as Ruian in Wenzhou in southern Zhejiang also harvested mustard before.
Grab the harvest on sunny days and harvest evenly. Then use a special knife to cut off the roots and leaves, strip the leaves and roots of the old tendons, and go to the mud, go to miscellaneous, go long, go to the diseased vegetable head.
Mustard tumor stalk quality requirements Table a secondary and tertiary tumor stem shape and weight Shaped round, uniform size, no deformed vegetables, without short stems, moss stems, stem index of about 1:1, single head weight of about 200g The head shape is substantially round, allowing a long-stem-based stem index to exceed 1 or more, and head-heavy weights between 150-250 g are not uniform in the head shape, allowing about 50% of long-stem tumor stems, no bolting, and no stem index. Super 1.5 single head weight 100-250g between the tumor stem and smooth tumor stem, no lesions, no cracking, yellow color green, no root old stem knob smooth, a small number of small black spot lesions, no roots old Stems and stems The stems are thick and uneven in size, with a small amount of cracking, and external black spot. However, the internal masses of the stems are not milky, the hollow rate is within 10%, and the hollow index does not exceed the milky white hollow rate of the first grade tubers. About 30%, the hollow index does not exceed 50% of the hollow mass rate of milky white meat in the tuber of level 2, but the hollow index does not exceed 3 levels.
Note: There is a gap in the stem of the standard grade 1 hollow stalk, but it is small and does not affect the quality.
There are gaps in the secondary tumor stems, and the void area accounts for a quarter of the transverse section of the tumor stems.
The hollow area of ​​the third grade tumor stem accounts for two quarters of the cross section of the tumor stem.
The hollow area of ​​the fourth grade tumor stem accounts for more than two quarters of the cross section of the tumor stem, or the hollow has become yellow.
Mustard (stem mustard) cultivation techniques
1 Cultivation technology measures