How to manage fruit tree sleep season

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The principle of pruning and pruning (I) The juvenile tree is dominated by light shear, with less cutting and sparse, to promote the formation of flower buds; the adult tree pays attention to the cultivation and renewal of the result of the branch group, sparse and cut combination, and the aging tree pays attention to update and rejuvenation. More cuts, triggering branches. (2) The tree with a large number of flower buds may be properly recut to remove excessive flower buds and cut them more, so as to lay a good foundation for the formation of flower buds in the following year; for trees with less flower buds, attention should be paid to light shearing to retain flower buds. (c) The weak tree is trimmed first, and the tree with strong tree potential is delayed by trimming to ease the tree potential.
Second, grapes pruning grape plants injured in the spring, often from the wound to the outside flow of water, this phenomenon is called the wound flow. Grape injury usually occurs when the sap begins to flow in the spring to sprouting leaves. The fruit growers also call this period the wound period. When the temperature of the soil tillage layer is 6°C to 10°C, the sap is transported along the xylem conduit to various parts of the tree body. In the face of wounds, especially fresh wounds, the sap flows out of the house for 15-30 days. Seriously, an adult grape can shed more than 1 kilogram of sap for 24 hours. Each kilogram of sap contains 1-2 grams of dry matter, of which 2/3 is organic and 1/3 is mineral. Therefore, a large number of wounds will cause excessive loss of plant nutrients, resulting in debilitating tree vigor, bud eyes and dead, and even the death of the whole plant. In order to prevent the flow of grapes, winter cutting should be carried out in the late autumn and early winter. Do not prune before germination. Pay attention to the various orchard operations before and after germination to be particularly careful to avoid the emergence of branches.
Third, walnut trimming walnuts also have a period of injury. Improper pruning may cause serious injury, loss of nutrients, weakening of tree vigor, and even death of branches. The period suitable for autumn cutting should be after the fruit is harvested and before the leaves turn yellow. Autumn cut lasts 30 to 45 days. The spring shear was performed after the leaves were spread to 1 cm from the buds. Spring shear has more nutrient losses and can easily injure young foliage and young fruit. Therefore, the resulting tree is suitable for pruning in early winter. Young trees can be pruned all year round and the unwanted branches can be removed at any time.
Fourth, pay attention to pruning First, the wound should be protected, usually coated with paint 1 or 2 times. The second is to protect the pile, usually cut from the bud to stay 2 to 3 centimeters long, to prevent the growth of the top bud due to water loss in the pith. The third is to maintain the balance between tree growth and results.
Clearing in the Garden 1. After the fruit is harvested, combined with pruning in winter, the dead branches, fallen leaves, rotten fruit, and weeds in the orchard are removed and burned or buried deeply.
Second, scrape the old tree bark on the fruit tree. When scraping the skin, the rough bark of the old bark is scraped off to prevent deep injuries and formation of layers and xylem. When lesions occur during scraping, scraping and disinfection should be carried out in accordance with the requirements for disease prevention and control. The scraped bark must be removed and burned.
Third, white. Whitening can protect the trunk, prevent sunburn, freezing injury, and prevent pests and diseases. Apply protective agent to the trunk, especially after scraping the bark. Preparation method of whitening agent: 10 parts of water, 3 parts of quicklime, 0.5 parts of lime sulfur stock solution, 0.5 parts of salt and a little of grease. During the preparation, the calcine is first opened, the oil is poured into the well-stirred water, and then the water is added into lime milk, and finally the lime sulfur mixture liquid and salt are added. When applying, use a brush or grass to evenly spread the medicine on the base of the trunk, and spray it with a sprayer.
Soil management First, deep turning and deep turning can loosen the soil and prevent pests and diseases. The time for deep plowing is appropriate for late autumn and early winter to facilitate the restoration of the root system. Organic fertilizer combined with deep-sweeping can meet the growth needs of fruit trees in the following year. Deep-turning methods include deep hole expansion, deep gardening (applicable to saplings), and deep intercropping (applicable to adult trees). To do this, before the land is frozen, the soil under the trees is turned over (25 to 35 cm deep) so that the pests that have passed the winter in the soil are frozen or eaten by the birds, and the pests in the surface or soil can also be turned over. Smite it deep into the soil.
II. Irrigation In winter drought conditions, conditional orchards can be irrigated from mid-December to early January.
Prevention and control of pests and diseases Drupe disease of fruit trees can be scraped off the flow-through parts, and the wound is disinfected with 5 Baume degrees of lime sulfur, followed by liquid paraffin or coal tar for protection. For scale insects such as ball kin, mulberry, etc., because they mainly overwinter over trunk cracks and some branches, they can brush the tree trunk and branches back and forth several times to eliminate them.
Before the early spring budding of the fruit trees, the whole park sprayed 3 to 5 Baume degrees of lime sulfur, or sprayed 1 to 3 Baume degrees of lime sulfur from flower buds to inflorescences.
Lime-sulfur mixture is a kind of efficient and low-toxic insecticidal, bactericidal and acaricidal agent commonly used in orchards. The application of lime sulfur in the orchard in early spring can have a multiplier effect in preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests throughout the year. However, due to the different operating procedures in production, the quality of the obtained mother liquor is very different, which affects the application effect in different degrees.
First, the choice of raw materials 熬 熬 熬 熬 熬 熬 熬 熬 熬 熬 生 生 lime preparation used lime required white, light weight, no impurities, the finer the better the sulfur powder, in addition to prepare some neutral detergent. The ratio of quick lime, sulfur powder and water is 1:1.7:11, and the amount of washing powder is 0.2%-0.3% of the amount of water used.
Second, the tanning method The tanning system, the pot first to add the right amount of water, heated with a fire. Sulfur powder, quicklime, and detergent are then used as a substitute. When the water temperature is 40°C to 50°C, add sulfur powder to the pan, add detergent and stir. When the water temperature is 80 °C ~ 90 °C, the quicklime slowly into the pot, and quickly kept stirring, while turning down the fire. Once the pan is found, pour a little cold water. Record the time after the pot is opened (about 13 minutes), and observe the changes in the color of the liquid in the pot to ensure the best heat. When the liquid is brick red, it means that the heat is not enough; when the liquid becomes dark green, the heat is already large and the efficacy will be reduced; when the liquid changes from brick red to reddish brown, an immediate ceasefire is required. After the ceasefire, the liquid medicine can use its own residual heat to continue the reaction, and the liquid quickly turns into a scented oil and can be cooled.
Third, pay attention to matters (a) to pay attention to utensils. Do not cook in copper or aluminum pans or contain mother liquor. (B) pay attention to the ratio of raw materials and feeding procedures, the raw material after the pot to simmer and boil, while paying attention to the liquid color changes. (c) In the tanning process, a small amount of mother droplets can be dropped into clean water, and the rapid dispersion of the mother liquor indicates that the temperature is almost the same, and further measurement can be performed with a Baumei hydrometer. If you sink below, you will need to repeat it. (4) When used, water may be sprayed according to different tree species, period, and concentration requirements by weight multiple method or density multiple method to avoid unnecessary phytotoxicity. The early spring in the orchard promotes the spraying of high concentrations of lime sulfur for 1 to 2 times, and avoids excessive concentrations in other seasons. (five) bogey not set aside. The formulated lime sulfur mixture is best used once, and it can be used for a long time without being used for a long time. Otherwise, the efficacy will be reduced. The mother liquor must be isolated from oxygen and a layer of kerosene or diesel oil can be added to the mother liquor to prevent oxidation.

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