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Grifola frondosa cultivation techniques
First, living conditions 1. When artificial ash tree flowers are cultivated artificially, the requirements for nutrition (carbon sources, nitrogen sources, mineral elements, and vitamins) are not much different from those of sapwood decay fungi such as shiitake mushroom, edode mushroom and the like. 2. Temperature of Grifola frondosa mycelium growth temperature is 5 °C -35 °C, the optimum temperature is 25 °C -30 °C. The primordium formation temperature is 15°C-25°C and 20°C is optimum. The optimum temperature for Fruit body development is 18°C. 3. The optimum moisture content of moisture and moisture in the wood chips medium is 50%-55%, and the water content in the growth stage of the mycelium is 60%-65%. Humidity management is basically the same as other edible fungi. 4. The light production of Grifola frondosa should be lighted from the initial stage of the culture of mycelia. The fruiting stage of the fruiting body can only be 50 lux. The growth stage of the fruiting body needs 200 lux-250 lux illumination, and the light is too weak and easy to form malformed mushrooms. 5. The air ash tree flower oxygen demand is higher than other edible fungi, if the ventilation is not good, the fruit body will be stunted. 6. The pH of the Grifola frondosa mycelium can grow at a pH of 3.4-7.5, with an optimal ph value of about 6.5. Second, the cultivation technology test shows that Grifola frondosa has very weak antibacterial ability. At present, it is usually produced by bag planting technology. 1. The cultivation time of Grifola frondosa is an intermediate temperature type fungus, which is based on its mycelium growth, primordial formation, and suitable temperature for fruit body growth. In general, the northern region is inoculated in January and March for bag cultivation, and April-June is used for mushroom cultivation. management. In the autumn, the general arrangement is to make bags in September and fruit in November. 2. The choice of materials and ingredients of ash tree is a wooden saprophytic bacterium, and generally used are broad-leaved trees, such as beech and oak. Particle size 0.5 mm -2 mm, 0.5 mm or less, the particles are too fine prone to deformed fruiting bodies; 2 mm or more, the particles are too coarse and easy to reduce the yield, the amount (30% or less) to add some softwood sawdust better. Short stems are also well-cultivated after sterilization. The southern region can also use bagasse, straw, etc. as the main material for cultivation. Nutritional supplements include bran and corn flour, corn flour is preferred, and 30% bran and 70% corn flour are also effective. The amount of nutrients added generally accounts for 20%-30% of the total dry weight. Excessive addition of nutrients can easily cause malformed mushrooms. Medium formulation: 15% of sawdust, 10% of bran, 15% of corn flour, 0.8% of sugar, 1.1% of gypsum, 0.1% of superphosphate, 64% of water content, and ph value of 6.5. 2 Mixed wood chips 38%, cotton seed shell 30%, bran 7%, corn flour 15%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, water content 64%, pH 6.5. 3 30% of sawdust, 30% of cotton seed shell, 7% of bran, 13% of corn flour, 1% of sugar, 1% of gypsum, 18% of fine soil, 64% of water content, and ph value of 6.5. 3. Mixing, bagging, sterilization, inoculation 1 Mixing: According to the formula weigh the raw materials, the dry material is mixed firstly, the sugar is dissolved in the water and mixed in the material, and the water content is 1 drop in the finger-grips. -2 drops can be dripping. Indicators were used to measure the pH, plus acid plus lime, and overbased plus superphosphate to adjust the ph value to 6.5. 2 Bagging: A polypropylene bag of 17 cm 33 cm 0.004 cm or 15 cm 30 cm 0.004 cm is used. When the material is loaded, it is required to be tightly loosened and tightly closed. The entire barrel must not be overtightened. The mouth of the bag is sealed with a trumpet ring or sponge plug. It can also be sealed with a stapler. 3 Sterilization: sterilize immediately after bagging, increase the temperature to 100°C as quickly as possible during sterilization, sterilize at 100°C at normal pressure, maintain 8 hours to 10 hours, and autoclave at 121°C for 1.5 hours to 2 hours. . After the sterilization is completed, the temperature must be reduced to below 40°C to open the sterilization box, remove the bacteria bag, and put it in a clean air. 4 Inoculation: When the temperature of the material in the bag drops to 25°C, it can be inoculated. Operate under aseptic conditions. There is a loop of bacteria in the bag, and a hole is made in the middle to put the bacteria in the hole; the bag without the loop, The bacteria species are crushed and placed on the surface of the material. It is advisable to cover the material surface with strains. The amount of bacteria needed is 15g-20g. 4. Management during germination period 1 Temperature: Initial (after inoculation to 1/4 mycelial growth) 25°C-28°C, medium term (1/4-to-depth penetration of hyphae) 23°C-25°C, later (after mycotic passage 22 °C. 2 Humidity: 60% in the initial period, 65% in the middle period, and 70% in the latter period. 3 Ventilation: No gas exchange is required in the early stage, ventilation is required in the later stage, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is controlled. 4 Illumination: It is better to use dark culture in the initial and middle stages. If the light is irradiated during this period, the bag surface will turn light brown, the primordium formation will be slow, and even the primordium will not form. The early illumination will be 10 lux-50 lux, and the late illumination will be 50 lux- 100 lux. After inoculation, move to the culturing room for dark culture at room temperature of 28°C. When the bag is discharged, the space between the bag and the bag is 3cm-4cm to ensure good ventilation and heat dissipation. About 15 days after inoculation, mycelium growth accelerated, respiratory capacity increased, the material temperature increased by 2°C-3°C, the temperature in the culture room decreased by 3°C, and the room temperature was 25°C. After the hyphae had basically gone through, the room temperature was reduced to about 22°C to prevent hyphae from overgrowth and lack of stamina. Pre-humidity is maintained at 60%, with high yield, low pollution, and 70% humidity at the later stage, which is conducive to the formation of primordia. At the later stage of culture, a certain amount of light (about 50 lux) is given. On the surface of the culture material, there will be a mycelial bead formation, a bulge-like bulge, a wrinkled bulge, and a gradual transition from gray to dark brown, with condensation of water droplets. It is advisable to move the bag into the mushroom room. If the mushroom room is moved into the mushroom room prematurely, it will cause bacterial contamination on the surface of the primordium and rot. If the water droplets in the folds disappear, then the mushroom room will be too late and the quality of the mushroom will be adversely affected. influences. In order to promote the formation of the original base as much as possible, a variable temperature treatment is performed in the later period of culture, that is, a temperature drop of 2°C to 3°C. The surface mycelium of the culture material, such as a knot-shaped film without a bow-shaped bulge, may be caused by excessive illumination at the initial stage of culturing or hardening of the culturing material at the time of sterilization. 5. After the fruiting period management removes the mushroom room for 2 days -3 days, the mushroom bag surface forms the primordium and is transferred to the mushrooming management in time. First, cut the mouth of the bag and cut a few holes around it (the bottom can be cut into crosses), and drain into the pre-ditched trench in the shed. If the bag is completely opened, the surface primordia may be differentiated into multiple fruit bodies, resulting in a small fruit body and reduced quality. A 1 cm-1.5 cm thick granular wet soil was placed on the bag. The earth used to cover the soil contains less organic matter, and loam is suitable. The water content is 20%-22%. It must be granular, otherwise it will affect the differentiation and growth of the primordium due to poor air permeability. The cover soil is sterilized and insecticided using formaldehyde and dichlorvos before use. Ventilate 3 times a day, but avoid strong winds blowing directly onto the mushrooms. To avoid high temperature, high humidity, temperature is appropriate to about 20 °C, air humidity should be controlled at about 85%. The illuminance is controlled at 200 lux-300 lux. The water spray should be diligent, fine, and uniform to prevent the cover soil and the mushroom surface from drying. When the mushroom slices are fully differentiated, the illuminance can be increased to 300 lux - 500 lux, so that the surface of the cap becomes grayish black to improve the quality of the product. Primordium differentiation and fruiting body growth stage should strictly control the temperature, humidity, light, and air four environmental factors, otherwise it is easy to appear abnormal mushrooms, resulting in reduced production. 6. When the leaves are fully differentiated and irregularly semicircular, they grow like a flower in a semi-overlapping form, extending upwards and all around. The edges of the leaves have no grey-white growth rings, and they are picked when slightly rolled. Due to the fact that ash tree flowers are generally made from thousands of grains, it is necessary to stop water spraying before harvesting. Immediately after harvest, the root sediment is removed with a small knife and other debris on the mushroom body is removed.