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Fine Local Pig Breeds - Jiaxing Black Pigs
Jiaxing black pig is a famous local breed in China. It is mainly produced in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province (city, district). It is a major group of Taihu pigs and is characterized by high fertility, early sexual maturity, resistance to roughage, delicious meat and hybridization. It is famous for its remarkable effect. According to statistics from the end of 2003 of the Statistics Bureau of Jiaxing City, there are 143,300 sow pigs in Jiaxing City. According to statistics from the livestock husbandry department, there are 98 adult boars. According to incomplete statistics, there are currently more than 200,000 heads of Jiaxing black pigs in and out of the province. Appearance characteristics: Jiaxing black pigs' body weight and body size in adulthood, moderate in China's local pig breeds. The coat is black. The mouthpiece is long and slightly concave, the forehead is markedly creased, and the ears are large, soft and sagging. Longer back, slightly sagging belly but tight, hip oblique. The limbs are slightly taller, the thighs are thin, and the hind legs are wrinkled. There are more nipples, usually 8-10 pairs. Reproductive performance: The number of litters in Jiaxing black pigs is higher than that of domestic pig breeds other than Taihu pigs. According to statistics on 293 littermates, the average number of litters was 15.020.18, and the number of first-born sows was 238, with an average of 10.930.16, and the average sow of the sows was comparable to Yorkshire (the same period of control). 3.72 head. According to statistics of 18 production sows systematically recorded in Shuangqiao Farm of Jiaxing City, an average of 10.44 births per birth (propagation life cycle) yielded 146.21 piglets and 130.9 heads at 60 days of weaning. The sexual maturity of the Jiaxing black pig gilts was earlier. According to 3 batches of 35 tests, the average was 120.573.72 days and the body weight was 25.491.35 kg, which was 3 months earlier than that of European and American pig breeds. Sows showed obvious estrus symptoms, such as howling, stupidity, jumping, mutual crawling, and swelling of the vulva. The rate of fertility was high. In rural areas, males and females start breeding more than 5-6 months of age. In state-owned farms and grazing, male and female pigs are mostly 8 months old and weighing 60-70 kilograms. The number of black piglets in Jiaxing was 17.331.42 (753), which was 3.03 more than that of Yorkshire (20). The total amount of lactation during the 60 days of lactation was 458.44 kg under the teaching of good nutrition, and it was a pig breed with strong lactation in the local pig breeds. Finishing performance and carcass quality: Jiaxing black pigs were fattened from 25 to 75 kilograms. Under the conditions of diets containing 11.75 MJ/kg of digestion energy and 13.5% of crude protein, the average daily weight gain was 425 grams. Each kilogram consumed 1 kg of material. 3.96 kg; 75 kg body weight slaughtered, slaughter rate was 69.6%, carcass lean meat was 43.2%. Jiaxing Black Pork is of good quality, with bright red flesh, good distribution of intermuscular fat, and delicate muscle fibers, which is more suitable for the requirements of meat and vegetables in China's urban and rural areas. Hybridization and utilization: Jiaxing black pigs were used as female parent, Yorkshire pigs, Landrace pigs and Duroc pigs were used as parents to carry out the binary crossbreeding test. Among them, the “Xiang Xigao†hybrid combination was better, the growth speed was fast, and the body weight was 25. From 90kg to 90kg, the average daily weight gain is 521g. Each weight gain is 1kg, which consumes 3.56kg, the 90kg slaughter rate is 73.5%, and the carcass lean percentage is 52.6%. In the three-way hybrid combination, the Jiaxing black pig was used as the female parent, the Landrace pig was the first male parent, and the Duroc pig was the terminal male parent, ie, the "Du X Chang X Jia" hybrid combination was better. Changjia Binary sow not only has good reproductive performance, but also has good growth performance. The Duroc pig with fast growth rate and high lean meat ratio is used as the male parent. The Sanyuan pigs produced grow fast and have lean meat. The rate is high and the meat quality is good. From 25 kg to 90 kg, the average daily weight gain was 746 g. The consumption of material was 3.13 kg per kg of weight gain, the slaughter rate of 90 kg was 75.34%, and the carcass lean percentage was 56.66%. For example, the Zhulin Sanyuan Pig, which is well-known in the local area, and the Ganzhou Sanyuan Pig in Zhangzhou, are the combination. The development of this hybrid pig production meets the market demand, adapts to the local ecology, and fully utilizes local resources. Evaluation: The outstanding germplasm characteristics of Jiaxing black pigs were formed after long-term domestication and long-term directional selection of people in production areas. They are precious biological resources in China. In particular, the high fecundity and excellent flesh quality of Jiaxing black pig are a valuable feature of the world today and will make important contributions to improving the number of litters and improving meat quality of low-yielding species. Therefore, it is practically necessary and feasible to protect and develop the Jiaxing black pig breed resources. (Yao Guoqiang Xiuzhou District Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station)