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California intends to use genetically modified bacteria to inhibit grape disease
Recently, a research project was conducted at the University of California, Riverside, where researchers prepared to transfer genetically engineered bacteria into grape plants. When GWSS harms grape plants, the bacteria can suppress pathogens that cause Pierce's disease. Since five years ago, when California discovered a pest that could spread Pierce's disease, grape growers have invested millions of dollars in research and hope to find an effective way to end the disaster. This pest belongs to the genus Polygonaceae and poses a threat to plants such as citrus, apricot and alfalfa, among which grape damage is the most serious. It is mainly used to absorb grape vine juice to harm and spread bacterial disease Pierce's disease, although the diseased plant is not immediately sick, but the yield will gradually decline after 1 year, about 3 years the whole plant withered. In 1999, an outbreak of this disease occurred in the Temecula wine producing area in Santiago. This insect can absorb and secrete about 30 times its body weight. The disease then spread all the way to Other vineyards in Southern California. At the time, only a few locations in northern California were affected by GWSS. However, in June, GWSS was also discovered in Vacaville, about 30 miles from the Napa Valley in the California Wine Center. If left unchecked, this pest will cause huge losses to California's 880,000 acres of vines, and it will even bring disaster to the entire wine industry after California's second largest agricultural product. Pierce's disease is caused by Xylella fastidiosa. It lives in the xylem of the plant's sap. It breeds in the gastrointestinal tract of the worm, and it infects through the GWSS edible plant liquid at any time. X. fastidiosa ultimately causes plant death by blocking the passage of water and nutrients in the plant. Researchers have long completed the genome sequencing of this bacterium. However, this technology has caused panic among environmentalists. They have always opposed the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in nature. In addition, some grape growers are also worried that the tiny changes in this plant will infect some famous grape varieties, such as Merlot, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and other wine lovers are very cherished varieties. And, according to Ray Van Rein, spokesperson for the Pierce Disease Control Program at the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA), “Even if the lab is a very effective technology, it cannot be applied to the field for the time being unless the consumer is Recognition." A team led by Thomas A. Miller isolated another strain of Alcaligenes from GWSS and genetically modified it. In this "symbiotic control" technology, scientists transfer this genetically engineered bacteria into plants. When GWSS eats this bacterium while drinking grape sap, it kills Xylella fastidiosa. The California Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has authorized Miller to conduct outdoor tests. Miller said that so far, the research team has seen the expected results. Field experiments have found that the genetically modified bacteria Alcaligenes that was transferred to the plants was not detected in grapes or soil. However, Miller thinks that there are still more large-scale research tasks to be done, and it will take time for them to get public recognition.