Banana Production Mechanization Technology

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The mechanization technology of banana production mainly includes mechanization of planting, cultivation, planting, fertilizing, plant protection, irrigation, harvesting, packaging, preservation, processing, transportation, and banana stalk (head) smashing. In general, the degree of mechanization of production can be determined according to the size and geographic location of the plantation.

1. Cultivation of banana plantlets: Planted bananas are all in vitro. Test tube seedlings are usually provided by a plant breeding center after being detoxified and then tissue cultured and propagated.

2. Cultivation of banana land: The cultivation of the banana land includes pre- and mid-production farming. Since the banana land is generally a sloping field, large and medium-sized rotary tillers and double hoe ploughs are required for farming before production. The crushed banana stalks can be buried; in production, micro-ploughs and small plows must be selected. Rotary cultivators, fertilisers, and other related equipment to complete cultivator, soil cultivation, fertilization, weeding and other operations.

3. Planting: At present, the bananas are generally planted by hand and are planted in narrow and narrow rows. The plant spacing is generally 2.0 meters and 2.0 meters, and the planting density in banana fields is generally 2250 to 2700 plants/ha. No more than 3000 plants are allowed. In order to avoid poor ventilation and light, more pests and diseases. The domestic mechanization of banana planting is still immature and needs to be developed.

4. Irrigation and fertilization: Bananas are good-humidity and wet plants. Applying basal and potash fertilizers and ensuring a reasonable supply of water are the basis for bananas to obtain high yields, high quality, and low disease. Therefore, it is necessary to promote water-saving spray irrigation technology in bananas. The park is equipped with sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation and other water-saving irrigation facilities. Sprinkler irrigation facilities generally adopt a semi-fixed pipe sprinkler irrigation system. When water is sucked from the reservoir and the fixed water pipe is laid, factors such as mechanical cultivation, spray radius and wind direction of the sprinkler should be considered. Banana fertilization generally uses two methods: one is to fertilize by fertiliser; the other is to spray with fertilizer and water, that is, according to the demand of bananas for fertilizer and water, the fertilizer is dissolved in water and sprayed to the roots of bananas using sprinkler facilities. This method can be used to control fertilization and irrigation by computer to achieve the scientific cooperation of fertilizer and water, fertilizer and water can save more than 20%, bananas can increase production by 22%.

5, plant protection: As now planted bananas using tube seedlings, seedlings to do beam disease and other pest control work; the results of the period in addition to banana fruit bagging and timely buds, but also spray high efficiency and low toxicity Pesticides or biological pesticides are sterilized. Plant protection machinery generally uses ultra-low-powered motorized sprayers or high-range portable motorized spray pumps.

6. Harvesting and packing: Harvesting is an important part of banana production. To ensure the appearance quality and fruit rate of the fruit, it is necessary to promote the use of advanced and applicable ropeway transportation and harvesting equipment and cleaning and packaging equipment to ensure that the fruit is harvested. Received the packaging and other links without landing operations, to achieve non-injury harvesting and storage, and increase the appearance of color and quality banana fruit. Its operation process is: When the banana fruit is picked up, it is hung on the cableway and sent to the processing site. After being combed, cleaned, disinfected, trimmed, sorted, dried, vacuum-preserved, and weight-packed (packed), etc. Cableway harvesting system can reduce the mechanical damage of banana fruit more than 20%. The price of banana fruit is 0.5 yuan/kg higher than normal and the work efficiency is increased by 30%. The fixed harvesting processing system can be adopted in large-scale contiguous banana gardens; mobile production lines can be used in small-scale parks and can be easily moved to the fields for convenient production.

7, preservation and processing: In order to maintain the freshness of the banana fruit, the banana fruit should be pre-cooled, it can be boxed into the cold storage, the storage temperature within the library is 12 °C ~ 15 °C.

8. Transportation: The long-distance transportation should adopt temperature-controlled storage and transportation, use the mechanical insulation truck to add ice or refrigerate containers, and control the temperature at 13 °C ~ 15 °C.

9, banana stem (head) smash back field: bananas can generally be planted for one to three years, but banana stems to be eliminated each year, so the treatment of banana stems has become an important part of banana production. Because banana trees are rich in organic matter, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and trace elements, they are good organic fertilizers. To achieve the smashing of banana stalks, a large-scale banana stalk crushing and returning machine should be adopted, and the banana stalks should be pushed down and crushed. , improve soil fertility. At present, the work efficiency of the banana stalk crushing and returning machine is 0.2 to 0.27 hectares/hour, and the operating cost is 1,500 yuan/ha, which is 50% lower than the manual treatment.

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