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The main role of chlorine in crop nutrient balance is to participate in photosynthesis, regulate the osmotic pressure of plant cells, and affect crops' absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and silicon, enhance crop resistance to diseases and insect pests, and regulate stomatal movement. Chlorine can promote carbohydrate metabolism and accelerate the development of crop stem and leaf tissue. Chloride has inhibitory effects on soil nitrifying bacteria, which can delay the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, keeping a large amount of ammonium ions adsorbed on soil colloids, and allowing ammonium ions to be stored in the soil without loss. Advantageous nitrogen conservation.
The conversion of chloride ions in the soil is mainly in the following: Acidic soil, the combination of chloride ions and hydrogen ions to generate hydrochloric acid, can enhance the acidity of the soil, in the neutral and calcareous soil, the residual chloride ion and calcium ions combined to generate solubility Large calcium chloride. Therefore, the long-term use of physiological acid fertilizers such as ammonium chloride and potassium chloride alone will cause soil acidification and affect soil microbial activity; on the other hand, accessory components of fertilizers can combine with soil calcium to generate chlorination. calcium. Calcium chloride has a high solubility and can be lost with water. Calcium is an indispensable element in the formation of soil structure. Excessive loss of calcium salts can damage soil structure and cause compaction.
1 Because of the application of chlorinated fertilizers to crops, the chlorine tolerance of crops can be classified into strong chlorine-resistant crops, moderate chlorine-resistant crops, and weak chlorine-resistant crops, based on the nation's critical chlorine-tolerance test for major crops, comprehensive yield, and product quality factors.
(1) Strong chlorine-tolerant crops have a soil oxygen concentration of 600-800 mg/kg, equivalent to 1350-1800 kg of chlorine per hectare per season. Crops that do not affect yield and quality are rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, millet, Kiwifruit, bananas, and peaches in cotton, jute, radish, tomatoes, beets, eggplant, and fruit trees.
(2) When the chlorine concentration of medium chlorine-resistant crops is 300-600mg/kg, which is equivalent to 675-1350kg chlorine per hectare, the crops that do not affect the yield and quality are flax, soybeans, cauliflower, spinach, broad beans, peas, etc. Strawberries, peanuts, apples, hawthorn, sugarcane, etc.
(3) Chlorine concentration in soil of weak chlorine-resistant crops Strong chlorine-tolerant crops containing chlorinated fertilizers do not affect the yield and quality of crops. According to the results of quality inspection, the chlorine content of protein and starch in crops such as rice, wheat, and corn, and rapeseeds The crude protein and fat content of soybeans had no adverse effects on the sugar content of sugar cane and sugar beet and the vitamin C and sugar content of vegetables. At the same time, the application of chlorinated fertilizers in vegetables can also reduce the nitrate nitrogen content in vegetables.
2 The use of chlorinated fertilizers containing chlorinated fertilizers in the area should be used mainly in areas with high rainfall or in seasons and irrigation conditions. In rainy areas or seasons, chlorine ions can be leached with water after the application of chlorinated fertilizers, so chloride ions brought into the soil with fertilizers will not cause “chloride harm†due to accumulation. In saline soils, little or no chlorinated fertilizer should be used due to higher chloride ion content.
3 Chloride-containing fertilizers should be applied early deep chlorine ions can inhibit seed germination, reduce the germination rate and emergence rate. Therefore, chlorinated fertilizers should be applied early and deep so that the soil can be adsorbed, chloride ions can be lost, and the roots of crops can be reduced by chlorine. The roots of crops are mostly concentrated in the 10-25cm soil layer. Therefore, the chlorinated fertilizers used as the base fertilizer layer, strips and holes should be below 8-12cm.
4 is made of chlorine-containing fertilizers with chlorine compound fertilizer and urea fertilizer, ammonium phosphate, superphosphate or triple superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and other fertilizers processed into fertilizer, not only can reduce the chlorine ion The harm, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium with the application, can play a complementary effect.
The accumulation of chloride ions is closely related to annual rainfall, soil texture, and cropping systems. Chloride-containing fertilizers are used in areas with arid and low rainfall. Chloride ions accumulate in the soil and the residues are as high as 30%-80%. In the rainy regions of the South, each The amount of chlorine applied per hectare is 300-1450kg per season. There is no significant increase in chloride ion in the soil in five years. According to research, under the condition of rainfall of 1500mm, sugar cane, sweet potato, and potato, which are considered as “chlorinated cropsâ€, have a chlorine yield of 332-135 kg per hectare, which has no adverse effect on yield and quality.
Application method containing nitrogen fertilizer
Commonly used nitrogenous fertilizers include ammonium chloride (containing 66.3% of chloride ions) and potassium chloride (containing 47.5% of chloride ions). Oxygen is beneficial when there are few elements, and many are harmful. Therefore, the correct application of chlorinated fertilizer is of great significance for improving the effect of chemical fertilizer application.