Chestnut is one of the main economic crops in the mountainous areas of our province. Chestnut has high nutritional value. The content of starch, protein and fat is similar to that of wheat and rice, and the vitamin content is much higher than that of rice and wheat. As a result, people were called woody foods and hardcore crops. With the adjustment of the planting structure in the countryside, and the increase in domestic market and export demand, the planting area and output of chestnut are also expanding and improving year by year. In recent years, the chestnut planting area in our province is about 2.5 million mu, with an annual output of about 35,000 tons of chestnut. It is a large province in China. In chestnut production key cities and counties, chestnut income has become the pillar of local government revenue and farmers' income. Due to the superior quality of China's chestnut, and its high reputation in the international market, chestnut has become the largest variety of fruits for export.
Goji Berry grows in the bush tree, the fruit color bright red, the taste is sweet. Which annual harvest season is from mid-June to mid-October with manual picking up.
Goji Berry's Functions:
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3. Anti-tumor
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6. Regulate blood lipids
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8. Decreasing blood pressure
9. To protect and improve sexual function
10. Improve eyesight
11. Improve the respiratory disease resistance
12. Beauty to raise colour, moist skin
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Chestnut stripping is an important part of initial processing after chestnut harvesting. At present, this link is mainly done by manual work, which not only has high labor intensity but also has low work efficiency. In the sales process, it often appears that due to low ergonomics, it does not take a lot of fruit at one time and it misses business opportunities. Also because of the low ergonomics of artificial detritus, chestnuts need a lot of labor to carry out the work after harvest, resulting in seasonal labor tension, which seriously restricts the pace of development of chestnut industrialization.
To this end, Anhui's agricultural machinery technology promotion station based on the introduction of chestnut stripping and mechanization technology from other provinces, and the Huaifeng Agricultural Machinery Research Institute of Handan City, jointly developed a suitable 6BK-42E type chestnut stripping machine in the province. All have the advantages of compact structure, easy operation, high production efficiency and low price. Through experiments in recent years, it has not only been recognized by the agricultural machinery and forestry departments of the vast number of chestnut farmers and experimental areas, but also the technical specifications for chestnut stripping and weeding have been summarized, which has laid a technical foundation for solving the problems of chestnut stripping in our province.
First, the main working principle of chestnut stripping machine The chestnut stripping machine consists of a stripping mechanism, a screen body, a rack cover, a motor, and a transmission mechanism. The working principle is as follows: The motor is used as the motive force to drive the peeling rotor hammer to rotate, and the stripping stator forms a relative kneading force, and the chestnut borer entered from the feeding inlet is kneaded and squeezed so that the chestnut borer is broken and the chestnut borer is broken. Li real separation, and then fell into the lower screen body for sorting, due to different chestnut, chestnut, and chip shape, after passing through the effect of different specifications of the sieve out of the machine from the three outlet, so as to achieve chestnut stripping And Lishi automatic sorting. Throughout the process of rubbing, the chestnut meal is evenly distributed, the separation effect is good, the breakage rate is low, and the appearance of the chestnut meal is less affected. The main technical indicator is the net rate of chestnut stripping ≥ 99%
Li real damage rate ≤ 1 %
Sorting rate ≥ 80 %
Second, the chestnut picking and stacking requirements chestnut stripping mechanization technology is an integrated technology, including chestnut picking, stacking processing, mechanical operations in three parts, the technology of chestnut picking and dumping processing requirements are:
Chestnut picking: Chestnut picking must be carried out when chestnuts are ripe and exhibit the inherent quality characteristics (color, aroma, flavor, texture, etc.) of the variety. In general, chestnuts have more than one third of chestnuts. When the color changes, the concentrated picking is the most appropriate, and the picking time must also take into account the market supply requirements. The timing of picking should be carried out on sunny days or in rain-free weather. It is not advisable to pick on rainy days, after a rain or on a dry morning.
Stacking treatment: For unsplit chestnut pods, they should be placed in a dry, ventilated, high-lying site after stacking. The stacking thickness should be 0.5 to 0.7 meters. In order to speed up the chestnut pods softening and cracking, the chestnut pods are covered with straw and sprinkled once a day. During the accumulation, there is a certain after-ripening effect, which can transfer part of the nutrients in the chestnut to the chestnut, and make the chestnuts darker, darker, more horny, and more glossy. When chestnut pods are stacked and handled for more than one day, the chestnut pods are softened and cracked, or chestnut pods and rind husks are separated and mechanical pod removal operations can be performed.
Third, chestnut stripping mechanization operation procedures
1. Requirements for operating personnel The number of operating personnel is generally not less than 3 persons, among which, Liquor shipment, feeding 2 persons, and Lishi cleaning 1 person; operators must undergo corresponding technical training and have the level of using this technology, before operation Should be familiar with machine instructions;
2, pre-job preparation The stripping operation site should be selected on the ground a solid flat land, in line with the requirements of easy operation and health; in the job site should be selected near the storage chestnut position fixed equipment, and make the machine back and forth as far as possible horizontal, no shaking ;
Satisfy the requirements of the machine on the power supply: AC single voltage 220V, power line insulation performance is good;
Packing and feeding containers for shipment of chestnuts;
3. Check the implements Check whether the moving parts of the implements are well lubricated, whether the nut screws of the connecting parts are loose, and whether the tightness of the belts is normal. Pull the pulley several times by hand to check whether there is a collision and the direction of rotation of the rotor is correct;
4. Commissioning When the machine is determined to be in a normal state, it can be commissioned: when it is turned on, it runs at the working speed and is put into a certain amount of chestnuts to test stripping, test stripping rate, sorting rate, and breaking rate, according to the test results. For the indicators that do not meet the technical requirements for chestnut stripping, the adjustments to the equipment are made to meet the technical requirements, and the work effect can be started after the technical requirements are met.
5, safe operation chestnut feed requirements uniform and continuous, to prevent the feed amount is too large to cause blockage, or the amount of feed is too small or discontinuous results in decreased productivity;
Prevent the feeding of stones, wooden blocks and other debris into the machine to avoid damage to the machine;
Do not use sticks to push chestnuts at the feed inlet of the machine;
Pay attention to stripping operations at any time. If it is found that the speed is low and the sound is abnormal, feed should be stopped, and feed it after the anomaly is eliminated;
When the following faults occur, the machine must be shut down immediately for inspection. The fault can only be continued after the fault is removed: the bearing is overheated, blocked, the work quality does not meet the requirements, and other abnormal phenomena;
5, the end of the storage operation should be cleared of debris inside and outside the machine, the sports office clean, cleaned and coated with clean oil;
Fourth, benefit analysis
1. Social benefits:
1 can significantly improve work efficiency. Mechanical stripping requires three people to work together. It can process 150 kilograms per hour (Lishi), and the average person can work 50 kilograms per hour. The artificial stripping can only process 5 kilograms per hour. Chestnut mechanical stripping can be more effective than artificial stripping. Increase the efficiency by 10 times.
2 chestnut mechanical stripping can produce fruit in time, which is conducive to seizing business opportunities, realizing the shift from resource advantage to commodity advantage, and increasing the income of chestnut farmers;
3 It is conducive to improving the working environment, reducing labor intensity, and relieving tensions in employment.
2. Economic benefits Compared with the manual stripping method, the chestnut stripping mechanization technology not only can significantly increase the working efficiency, but also can greatly reduce the production cost. Take the annual operation volume of a chestnut stripping machine as an example:
Annual workload = 150 kg/h 6 hours 10 days = 9000 kg (6 hours per day, 10 days per year)
Annual operating costs = staff salary + electricity + machine depreciation + other expenses = 3 people 40 yuan / day 10 days + 1.1 kilowatts 6 hours 10 days 0.6 yuan / kwh hours + 1300 yuan / 5 years + 50 yuan = 1200 yuan + 39.6 yuan +260 yuan + 50 yuan = 1549.6 yuan (workday value: 40 yuan; staff: 3 people;
Supporting power: 1.1 kilowatts; electricity price: 0.6 yuan/kWh; mechanical life: 5 years; other expenses: 50 yuan
Unit operating cost = 1549.6/9000 = 0.172 yuan / kg, the current manual stripping man-hours cost is 0.4 yuan / kg, mechanical stripping unit to reduce operating costs = 0.4 yuan / kg -0.172 yuan / kg = 0.228 yuan / kg.
Single-year reduction in operating costs = 0.228 yuan / kg of 9000 kg = 2052 yuan.
