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Autumn buckwheat cultivation techniques
Buckwheat has a short growing period, strong adaptability, moderate yield, and high nutritional value. It is a very good paddy-filling and disaster-relief crop. It can be grown from south to north in our province. The key technical links are as follows: I. Appropriate sowing. The warm and cool environment of buckwheat, and fear of frost, sowing too early and too late, will seriously affect the yield. The suitable sowing period for the rivers south of the Yangtze River in our province is around mid-August, and it is advisable for the Huai River to be in the mid-August. Second, select good breeds. Should choose the growth period of 70 to 80 days, strong resistance buckwheat varieties, such as sweet glutinous rice No. 1, sweet glutinous rice No. 2, small red buckwheat and so on. It is best to use new seeds harvested during the year. Third, seed processing. Before sowing, it is necessary to dry the seeds for 2 to 3 days, then use the soaking method of warm soup to select seeds, soak them with warm water of 40 degrees Celsius for 10 to 15 minutes, remove the floating pods, and remove the remaining granules and dry them. can. In areas where the pests and diseases are severe, seed dressings can be applied. In order to shorten the time from sowing to emergence, it is possible to suffocate for 1 to 2 days after soaking in the warm soup, and sow the seed immediately when the seeds begin to germinate. Fourth, fine soil preparation. The buckwheat seedlings have poor top soil ability, weak root development, and high requirements for site preparation. They should do a good job in the cultivation and soil preparation. Fifth, increase fertilizer material. Buckwheat is resistant to infertility, but application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can significantly increase yield. The fertilizer can be applied as a seed fertilizer, and generally 3 to 5 kg of ammonium phosphate per acre is applied at the time of sowing, and an appropriate amount of high-quality organic fertilizer is added. When applying, care should be taken to separate the chemical fertilizer from the seed and prevent burning of the seedling. Six, sowing method. There are three kinds of broadcasting, on-demand broadcasting, and drilling. The sowing can be divided into two kinds: arable land, after seeding, and after spreading grain first. On-demand broadcasting usually broadcasts 5000 to 6000 holes per acre, with 10 to 15 seeds per hole. The sowing depth is generally 3 to 4 cm; the sowing amount is generally 2.5 to 3 kg per mu and sowing is about 5 kg per mu. Seventh, strengthen field management. First, in addition to drought and drought, sowing should be drained to prevent waterlogging. Seedlings in case of drought should be treated with furrows in time, or in the morning or evening before emergence. Second, we must timely cultivating and weeding. After raining, we must promptly break down the soil consolidation layer. And in the seedling height of 6 to 8 cm and flowering before weeding 2 times. Third, it is necessary to prevent fatigue. From flowering to fruiting, the mu is sprayed with 0.5 kg urea, 200 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 60 kg water for 1 or 2 times. The fourth is auxiliary pollination. The natural pollination rate of buckwheat is low, and flowering should be artificially assisted pollination. The bees can be pollinated or dragged to the top of the plant gently with a rope or fine bamboo sticks at 8 to 10 am to carry out 2 to 3 times (at intervals of 3 to 5 days). The fifth is to prevent pests and rodents, and pay attention to the use of low-toxicity pesticides. Eight, timely harvest. Before the frost falls, when 70% of the grains of the whole plant are dark brown, they should grasp early and late harvests, and tie or tie them up and place them indoors to fully ripen the buckwheat.