High-yield Cultivation and Management Measures of Winter Cucumber in Solar Greenhouse
First, temperature management. Keep the lowest temperature, limit the maximum temperature, and extend the optimum temperature. Roots of cucumbers below 12°C stopped growing, and were below 5°C susceptible to freezing damage. The minimum temperature should be kept above 10°C, and not below 5°C for a short time. During the winter, the insulation should be the mainstay. Close attention should be paid to the changes in the weather. It is expected that the cold current will be attacked. If necessary, supplemental heating will be performed to prevent the occurrence of frost damage. When the temperature is higher than 32 °C, it should be promptly released, generally do not exceed 32 °C, to prevent high-temperature over-breathing, increase nutrient consumption, melons. During the day, the temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled at 22-23°C for as long as possible, 16-20°C at midnight at night, and 10-16°C at midnight. At the same time, we must also pay attention to the management of the ground temperature. In winter, due to the low ground temperature, root growth of cucumber is slow. Except for temperature increase measures such as mulching film and warm water irrigation, in the deep winter season, when the temperature in the greenhouse rises to 30°C, do not let it go immediately and keep it for a period of time before further exhalation. Increase the temperature. Second, lighting management. Extend daylight hours, increase light transmittance, and expand the use of the product. Cultivation of cucumbers in sunlight greenhouses, an important measure to increase light and increase yield. Extend the lighting time as long as the temperature conditions permit. When the sun shines on the shed in the morning, it should be immediately lifted. The long-life PVC film with high light transmittance and good insulation properties was selected to remove dust and increase light transmittance. While taking full advantage of direct lighting, we must also pay attention to the use of scattered light and further increase production. Membrane coverage, hanging reflective screens and other measures, can increase the effective lighting within the shed. Third, fertilization management. The application of base fertilizer is the basis, and it is the key to pursue the three fertilizers. Sun-greenhouse cucumber grows for a long period of time and requires a large amount of fertilizer. It should be used as a base fertilizer at a time. Generally, 1,000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per 667 m2, 200 kg of cake fertilizer, 75 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 2/3 applicator, 1/ 3 centralized application. Three large dressings were conducted in early February, late March and early April respectively. The first time every 667m 2 followed by cake fat 200 kg, 15 kg of urea, 25 kg of superphosphate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, chasing open ditch. The second time every 667m 2 topdressing urea 20 kilograms, potassium sulfate 10 kilograms, the third time every 667 m 2 topdressing urea 20 kilograms. After the weather gets warmer, it can be flushed with water once a time. Each 667m2 will be flushed with 10 kg of urea to achieve a clean and uninterrupted operation. And according to the growth of timely spraying foliar fertilizer. Fourth, water management. Watering planting water, less water to promote drowning, and more watering melon water. On the basis of making a good foundation, planting water must be used to plant water when planting. After planting and replanting, it is generally not watered. When drought occurs, water is poured to prevent leggy. After the melon grows, the fertilizer and water management will be increased. Generally during the deep winter period, every 15th water is poured, and the water is selected to be taken at noon during the sunny day. Submerged under-membrane irrigation is used. Conditional drip irrigation or warm water irrigation is available. After April, the weather became warmer and poured water once every 7 days. Fifth, pruning management. Hanging vines must have radian, falling vines should have gradients, picking leaves should be limited, and wiping buds must be strong. When the vines are hung, the vines are to be "S" type vines, so that the melon vines form a certain degree of curvature, and the long curved melon vines have a greater curvature. When the northern end reaches 1.7 meters high and the southern end reaches the roof, the vines are covered. After the vines fall, they must form a low gradient from the north to the south to facilitate better acceptance of sunlight. With the growth of guava, the old leaves of the lower disease should be removed in time, but the lower part of the nectar should leave 5-7 leaves to ensure that each plant has 20-30 leaves. When pruning, lateral branches and male flowers must be wiped off in a timely manner, and tendrils should be removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption. At the same time, we must also do a good job of prevention and control of pests and diseases. China Agricultural Network Editor