Ornamental bamboo cultivation techniques
Bamboo (bambusoideae) is a grass family, bamboo subfamily, because of its beautiful foliage, elegant and unique, evergreen, widely used in the garden, China has a long history of cultivation. (I) Morphological characteristics and types Bamboo is a perennially lignified plant with stems aboveground (bamboo poles) and underground stems (bamboo whip). Bamboo rods are often cylindrical, rarely quadrangular, and are made up of joints and joints. The joints are often hollow, and a few are solid, and the sections consist of a ring and a ring. Branches on each section. There are two kinds of leaves, one for the stem leaves, commonly known as the loquat leaf; the other for the nutrition leaf, lanceolate, the size varies with the species. Bamboo flowers consist of scales, stamens and pistil. The fruit is mostly caryopsis. During the lifetime of bamboo, most of the time is in the vegetative stage. Once the flowers are full, they will die and complete a life cycle. Bamboo plants can be divided into three ecotypes based on the growth of underground stems, namely, uniaxially scattered type, axon-clustered type, and compound-axle type. There are many types of bamboo, and there are more than 500 species in China. Most of them are available for viewing in the garden. Commonly cultivated ornamental bamboos include: scattered phyllostachys nigra, ph. pubescens, ph. uiridis, ph. bambusoides, chimonobam-busa quadrangularis, etc. Bambusa uentricosa, b.multiplex, etc., Indocalamus latifolius, Pseu-dosasa amabilis, etc. (b) Ecological habits Most bamboos prefer a warm and humid climate. The average annual temperature is 12c to 22c, and annual precipitation is 1000 mm to 2000 mm. The moisture requirement of bamboo is higher than the requirement of temperature and soil. It needs both sufficient moisture and good drainage. The adaptability of scattered bamboo is stronger than that of clustered bamboo. Since the scattered bamboo species are basically spring bamboo shoots, Hsinchu has been fully lignified before winter, so it has strong adaptability to adverse climate conditions such as drought and cold, and its soil requirements are also lower than that of cluster bamboo and mixed bamboo. . The underground stems of clumps and mixed bamboos are shallow in soil, and the shoots are in the summer and autumn. Hsinchu was not able to fully lignify in the year and could not withstand the cold and drought. Therefore, the general growth in the north was limited, and their soil requirements were also higher than those of scattered bamboos. . (C) Breeding methods Different types of bamboo species have different breeding methods. Bamboo shoots, bamboo shoots, and bamboo shoots of common clumps of bamboo all have reproductive ability. Therefore, bamboo shoots, burying, burying, and cuttings can be used; bamboo shoots and branches with scattered bamboo have no reproductive ability. Only buds on bamboo shoots can develop into bamboo whips and bamboos, so they are often propagated by bamboo shoots, whips, and other methods. Cluster and mixed bamboo breeding: 1. Move the bamboo method (planting tiller) to choose a vigorously growing 1 to 2 year old bamboo rod, 25 cm to 30 cm from the outside of its rod, pry open the soil, find out its stem, then cut off its stem with a sharp chisel, With the earth digging, small bamboo can be clustered with 3 to 5 culms, leaving 2 to 3 coils, cut off from the internodes, and then planted in already dug wells. 2. Buried, buried poles, buried section method to choose a strong bamboo pole, leaving a bamboo pole on its length of 30 cm to 40 cm, obliquely buried in the planting hole, covering soil 15 cm to 20 cm. In the bamboo poles that were cut off during burial, the lateral branches of each section were cut off, leaving only the main branch l-2 sections as the material for the buried rod or buried section. When buried, the depth of the ditch is 20 cm to 30 cm. The buds on the festival are on both sides, the base of the pole is slightly lower, and the tip is slightly higher. In the micro oblique ditch, the cover soil is 10 cm to 15 cm. Slightly higher than the ground, then covered grass moisture. In order to promote the occurrence of budding root shoots in each section, 8 centimeters to 10 centimeters above the sections, two rings can be sawn, and the bamboo deep part can be reached. The rate of seedling formation in the treated bamboo stem sections can be increased a lot. Scattered bamboo breeding: 1. With mother bamboo breeding 1 to 2 years old, robust growth, no pests and diseases, with a bright yellow bamboo whip, its full whip buds, bamboo sticks low, not too thick breast diameter mother bamboo, bamboo whip to determine the direction before digging, Then cut the bamboo whip 30cm to 80cm away from the mother bamboo. General large bamboo leaves whip 30 cm to 40 cm, to whip 70 cm to 80 cm; medium bamboo left whip 20 cm to 30 cm, whip 50 cm to 60 cm. When digging, the bamboo rod cannot be shaken, and the upper part is cut off with a knife, generally retaining 5 to 7 rows of bamboo shoots, and then planting people in pre-cut holes. The depth of burial is 3 cm to 5 cm deeper than that of the mother bamboo. After planting, timely watering, grass cover, open drainage ditch, and set up a bracket to prevent the wind from shaking the roots and affect rooting. 2. The whip breeds a strong bamboo whip that is 2 to 4 years old, and it takes about one month before the bamboo whip shoots out. After excavating the bamboo whip, cut it into a section of 60 cm to 100 cm. Take the soil, protect the root bud, and plant it in the hole. Place the bamboo whip lying flat, cover the soil 10 cm to 15 cm, and cover the grass with water. Evaporation can produce small Hsinchu in summer. To prevent the withering of Hsinchu, cut 1/3 bamboo sheath and retain 6 to 7 leaves. 3. Seedlings are grown and harvested with mature seeds. It is appropriate to sow in the current year. Generally, the seeds of Phyllostachys pubescens almost lose their germination power after one year. (D) Cultivation Methods The underground stem of bamboo grows in the soil. It must have sufficient moisture and enough air. Therefore, we must keep the soil moist and prevent the lack of water in the soil. We must also remove the water in the bamboo forest. Bamboo-like hi soil is fertile, and it is generally appropriate to apply human urine, manure, etc. in winter, and to apply quick-acting fertilizers in the growing season. A piece of bamboo forest can be cultivated in Lushan, that is, the weeds in the forest are cut off in the summer and rotted into fertilizer. At the same time, the surface layer of the forest is loosened to improve the physical properties and promote the growth of bamboo. The old bamboo garden will be used to remove the old one every few years. Clear Garden work, especially cluster bamboo forest. Reasonable logging is also very important for the maintenance of bamboo forests. The age of harvesting is generally 6-8 years for bamboos and 4 years for medium and small bamboos. The harvest season is best in winter. China Agricultural Network Editor