Water and fertilizer integration is a technology that combines fertilization and irrigation. It is a fertilization method that dissolves solid, fast-acting fertilizers in water and fertilizes them with water. The fertilizer is generally dissolved and mixed in a pond in the field, and water is used as a carrier, and fertilization is completed at the same time as irrigation. Fertilizer nutrient penetrates into the soil with irrigation water, and then reaches the root surface through mass flow, diffusion and root interception, which is used for crop absorption and utilization. The characteristics of this type of irrigation and fertilization method is to achieve the integration of water and fertilizer, increase the efficiency of fertilizer application, and reduce the total amount of fertilizer. The amount of each fertilization depends on the type of crop and the difference in fertility requirements at different growth stages, and it is matched with the amount of water that is fed. The advantage of this technology is that the fertigation effect of irrigation and fertilization is fast and nutrient use efficiency is increased. It can avoid the volatilization loss, slow dissolution, and slow effect of fertilizers applied to the relatively dry topsoil; in particular, it avoids the problems of ammonium and urea nitrogen fertilizers on surface volatilization loss, saving both nitrogen fertilizer and environmental benefits. protection. Therefore, water and fertilizer integration technology has greatly increased the utilization of fertilizers. According to research by Professor Zhang Chenglin of South China Agricultural University, the fertigation system saves 50% to 70% of the fertilizer compared to conventional fertilization. At the same time, water pollution caused by excessive fertilization in facilities and orchards is greatly reduced. As the water and fertilizer integration technology is regulated by manpower, it meets the needs of the crops to “eat and drink enough†during the key growth period, and eliminates any symptoms of deficiency. Therefore, the target of good crop yield and quality can be achieved in production. Water and fertilizer integration is a comprehensive technology that involves many aspects such as farmland irrigation, crop cultivation, and soil cultivation. The main technical requirements must pay attention to the following four aspects: First, establish an irrigation system first. In terms of design, the depth, length, and area of ​​the irrigated area should be designed according to the basic conditions such as the terrain, fields, units, soil texture, crop planting methods, and water source characteristics. The irrigation mode of water and fertilizer integration can be used for pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation, pump pressure drip irrigation, gravity drip irrigation, infiltration irrigation, and small tube outflow. In particular, avoid using flood irrigation, which is likely to cause loss of nitrogen, but also reduce water use efficiency. Second, fertilization system. In the field, it should be designed for quantitative fertilization, including the location of tanks and compost tanks, capacity, outlets, fertilization pipes, distributor valves, and pump fertilizer pumps. Third, select the type of fertilizer. Optional liquid or solid fertilizer, such as ammonia, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and other fertilizers; solid powder or small Block is the first choice, requiring strong water solubility, containing less impurities, generally should not use granular compound fertilizer (including Chinese and foreign products); if using biogas slurry or humic acid liquid fertilizer, must be over-leakage, so as not to block the pipeline. Fourth, irrigation and fertilization operations. 1. Fertilizer Dissolving and Mixing: It is not necessary to stir or mix liquid fertilizers. Generally, solid fertilizers need to be mixed with water to form liquid fertilizers, and they can be separated if necessary to avoid problems such as sedimentation. 2. Fertilizer amount control: The dose should be mastered during fertilization, and the appropriate concentration for injecting fertilizer solution is about 0.1% of the irrigation flow rate. For example, the irrigation flow is 50m3/mu, and the infusion fertilizer is about 50L/mu; excessive application may cause crops to die and environmental pollution. 3. The process of irrigation and fertilization is divided into three stages: in the first stage, water without fertilizer is used for moisturizing; in the second stage, fertilizer solution is used for irrigation; in the third stage, the irrigation system is cleaned with fertilizer-free water. In a word, the integration of water and fertilizer technology is an advanced and practical technology for cost-saving and efficiency enhancement. In the conditional agricultural areas, as long as the early-stage investment is resolved, and there is technical support, promotion and application will become an effective measure to increase agricultural income. . (Sinochem Fertilizer Senior Advisor, Professor Cao Yiping, China Agricultural University)
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