1. Compared to monogastric animals, proteinaceous goats do not require stringent protein quality. In addition to the growing young sheep and ewes breeding, the need for essential amino acids in diets is less prominent. As ruminants, energy The ingested cellulose is decomposed into various nutrients by the action of rumen microbes, and can synthesize essential amino acids. Through the action of rumen microorganisms, it is necessary to increase the content of feed by 7 to 25 times in vivo. When grazing grass, generally do not lack essential amino acids, withered winter and spring season, forage grass, the content of material in the protein is low, may lack amino acids, should pay attention to the sheep to add protein feed.
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2. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the main energy source for sheep to maintain and produce. When there is not enough carbohydrates, it is necessary to use the body's fat or even protein to supply heat energy. At this time, the sheep will lose weight. Normal production and reproduction. On the contrary, when there is an excess of carbohydrates, fat accumulates in the body. Sheep are obese. 80-85% of digestible carbohydrates break down in the rumen. Although the nutritional value of crude fiber is low, It is important for sheep. Sheep have better digestibility of cellulose than Other livestock. This is also the reason why sheep can survive in deserts, semi-deserts, and bushy mountainous areas. The main reason for production is the sheep's dietary crude fiber. The most suitable level is about 20%.
3. Fats in fat feeds are also a source of sheep's thermal energy, and there is generally no shortage of fats in the diet.
4. The demand for calcium and phosphorus in minerals is relatively large. It is particularly important to point out that sulfur is an indispensable material for cashmere and wool. Sufficient sulfur plays a major role in improving the quality and quality of villous products. Excessive phlegm, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, yellow hairiness, etc., can be met by daily supplementation of 5-7 grams of 0.5% copper sulfate (mixed in table salt) to meet the demand for sulfur. Cobalt is the ruminant microbial synthesis of the sheep. The raw material of vitamin B12 normally needs 0.1~1 mg of cobalt every day.
5. Microbial microorganisms in the rumen of vitamin A can be used to synthesize water-soluble vitamins. Therefore, it is not necessary to consider the supplementation of such vitamins in feeding. Usually, only the requirements for vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E are listed in the breeding standards. The unit is international. Units. As long as a sufficient amount of hay, silage or green feed is fed, the various vitamins required by the sheep can be satisfied.
(b) Utilization characteristics of sheep for feed
1. There are many kinds of green feeds, and the source is wide. It is the main feed for the sheep in the summer and autumn grazing season. It includes all kinds of wild vegetables, shrub branches, cultivated leguminous plants, gramineous pasture, planted corn, beans, straw seedlings, leaves And sheep can use the barley, aquatic plants and so on.
In order to develop sheep-raising, we must pay attention to the cultivation of forage grass and the improvement of grassland work to improve the nutritional value and utilization of green feed. Cultivated pasture should be based on legumes and grasses, legume grasses are mainly alfalfa, red clover, and white. Clover, grass rhinoceros, red bean grass, wild peas, Lespedeza jasminoides, etc.. grasses with or without awning brome, Elymus, Leymus, water grass, Dan grass, ryegrass, Timothy and so on.
2. Silage silage is a high quality green and blue juicy feed for winter sheep.
3. Succulent feeds Succulent feeds include roots, tubers, melons, vegetables, etc. Succulent feeds have high moisture content, followed by carbohydrates, low dry matter content, low protein content, low crude fiber content, and high vitamin content. Crisp and delicious, high digestibility, and good palatability. Juicy feed is a kind of ram, which is indispensable feed for winter and spring seasons. Succulent feed can be silage or dried, best to feed in winter and spring season. .
4. The concentrate feed concentrate is mainly the seeds of grasses and legumes and by-products of grain and oil processing, such as corn, barley, sorghum and other cereals, soybeans, peas and other beans and bran cakes, powder residue, bean curd residue and so on.
The concentrate feed has the advantages of high digestible nutrient content, small volume, low water content, low crude fiber content and high digestibility. The concentrated feed is a necessary feed for cashmere goats, lactating ewes, rams and high-yielding sheep, and also for winter. , Spring lack of grass necessary feed.
5. Special feed urea is a special feed for sheep and can provide the nitrogen source required by microorganisms in the rumen to synthesize proteins. The synthesized bacterial protein is decomposed in the small intestine, and nitrogen is absorbed and utilized.
Urea contains 46% nitrogen, if all of them are synthesized by rumen microorganisms, 1 kilogram is equivalent to 2.8 kilograms of protein nutritional value, or equivalent to 7 kilograms of protein contained in the nutritional value of protein. Urea is only used in adult sheep, it is for lambs. Not applicable. Because the rumen microbial system of the lamb is not fully developed, it cannot be fed.
When using urea, pay attention to the amount and method of feeding, which is usually 0.02~0.05% of body weight or 25~30% of crude protein in the diet, or no more than 1% of dry matter in the diet. The amount is 8~12g, because urea is easy to absorb and dissolve into nitrogen, so it can't feed water immediately after single feed. Usually it is fed 1 hour after feeding. In addition, it should be noted that urea can not be wetted with soybeans and bean cakes. Hey.
6. Flesh fattening feed additives are made up of trace elements (iron, copper, manganese, zinc, selenium), vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, etc.), rumen metabolism regulators, growth promoters, and harmful microorganisms Inhibiting material composition.
(1) Monensin sodium is also known as rumen, monensin, and fennel. Its role is to control and increase the rate of rumen fermentation, thereby increasing the rate of weight gain and feed conversion.
Dosage Usage: No more than 25 kg of monensin sodium is added to the sheep diet. The actual application should be based on the appropriate amount of diet composition. To be evenly mixed in the feed, the initial amount of feed can be lower, then gradually increased.
(2) Olaquindox is also known as Fasting, Oleser, Quinamide alcohol, and Benzoin as synthetic antibacterial agents. Quinolinol can affect body metabolism, promote protein assimilation, and mainly through the kidneys within 24 hours after eating. All excreted. Very low toxicity, according to the effective dose, side effects.
Dosage Usage: Mix evenly in the feed. Lambs per kilogram of dietary dry matter add olaquindox to 50 to 80 mg.
(3) Bacitracin Zinc is a bacteriostasis and growth-promoting agent. It has a growth-promoting effect on livestock and poultry, is conducive to digestion and absorption of nutrients in the intestine, improves feed utilization, and increases weight gain. Lamb dosage is added to each kilogram of mixture 10 ~20 mg (42-84 million units). Mix evenly in the feed.
(4) Urea Phosphate is marketed as Cattle Yangle. It can supplement nitrogen and phosphorus for ruminants. It is a non-protein nitrogen feed additive. Its hydrolysin in the rumen is significantly lower than urea. It can promote the physiological metabolism of sheep and its Absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium.