How to identify and prevent three major ginger diseases
Since the beginning of this year, the price of ginger has soared all over the country. Some places are as high as 12 yuan/kg. It is reported that the main reason for the increase in the price of ginger is due to the low prices in the previous two years, which resulted in a decrease in output. However, last year many places were also affected by ginger disease, which affected the yield and quality. Nowadays, it is time for the ginger planting season in our province. All localities must do well in preventing and curing the three diseases of ginger as early as possible. Ginger Ginger Ginger, also known as ginger rot or bacterial wilt, is the most dangerous disease in ginger production in our province. It can generally cause 20% to 30% loss, serious damage to the species, and the storage period continues to jeopardize rot. First, the symptoms of the disease can harm the stems and leaves, but to endanger the underground rhizomes. Mostly on the stem base and the first half of the underground stem near the ground, the first disease, the lesion was wet at first, brown dull, internal tissue gradually soften and decay, leaving only the outer skin, hand-pressure disease can be out of foul white with foul odor The sap of the roots also caused yellow-brown rot. After the roots were damaged, the stems were dark purple, and the tissues gradually turned brown and rot. The leaves withered and curled, and even wilted and dead. If the stem or underground stem is cut transversely, it can be seen that the vascular bundle is browned in a ring, and the white urine can be spilled from the vascular bundle by squeezing by hand. Second, the spread of germs The disease is caused by a bacterial infection called Pseudomonas gingivalis. The cells are short-barreled, with 1-4 flagellum at their end. Gram-negative negative reactions. High temperature, optimal growth temperature 30-37 degrees Celsius, host range is very wide, about 33 families more than 100 kinds of plants, solanaceous vegetables are most vulnerable. The pathogenic bacteria are mainly wintered in the soil with diseased ginger species and other host plants and their diseased bodies. Contaminated ginger species are the most important primary infestation source, and introduction of pathogenic bacteria can cause disease in the new area. Seeds of pathogenic bacteria or other pathogens in the soil during the growth period may be invaded by natural or mechanical wounds of the ginger epidermis, and may develop under appropriate conditions. Bacteria can be reinfected with irrigation water, rain or pests. The soil temperature of 25-30 degrees Celsius is the most suitable for onset of disease, high temperature and rainy and wet, especially after a heavy rain, Jiangyan may be a serious epidemic. In addition, the low-lying, flood-fed irrigation system and the incidence of continuous cropping or neighboring diseases with solanaceous vegetables are also heavier. Third, control methods should be adopted to strengthen the cultivation and management of disease-control measures, combined with the use of comprehensive control of pharmaceutical agents. 1. Select seeds: Choose healthy ginger from disease-free fields or disease-free strains, and then eliminate them once before sowing. 2. Rotation: It can be rotated with rice or onions. 3, ginger seed treatment: pregermination with 1:100 times the liquid formalin boring for 6 hours, fully open the spread after the spread of drug taste, or with antibacterial agent "402" 1500 times fluid stuffy 9 hours; or Agricultural streptomycin 500ppm soaked for 24 hours. 4, to strengthen management: sorghum deep plowing soil, apply high quality organic base fertilizer; prevent flood irrigation, string irrigation. Found that the diseased plants were immediately removed, and a small amount of lime was scattered in the diseased points to prevent the spread of bacteria; 5. Chemical control: Prophylactic application must be performed before the onset of disease. (1) 50% Daisen ammonium water solution 1000 times; (2) 80 % Antibacterial agent "402" EC 1000 times; (3) 30% copper oxychloride SC 300-400 times; (4) 72% SPS soluble powder 3000-4000 times. About 250-300 ml per plant, pour 2-3 times. Scab I. Symptoms The disease mainly damages the leaves. The diseased leaves appear yellowish-white oval or irregularly shaped lesions. The middle grey edge is brown and the size is about 2-5 mm. When the wet spot grows scattered small black spots, the diseased part is cracked or perforated when dry, and if many spots are connected, some or all of the leaves may dry up. Second, the spread of germs This disease is caused by a fungal infection called the turmeric, which is called Ginger. The black granules seen on the lesions are the fruiting bodies of the pathogen. The spores are oblate spheroids and have high humidity. A large number of oval-shaped, single-celled conidiospores will be released from the orifice, like a toothpaste. Pathogenic bacteria live on the soil with mycelia, conidiospores, and conidia on the sick or left in the soil. In the second year of growing period of ginger seedlings, suitable temperature and rain, wet, spores released a large number of conidia, through the wind and rain, insect transmission for initial infection. After the onset of disease, a large number of new conidia have grown and frequently reinfested in the field. 24-28 degrees Celsius high temperature and rain, fog, dew wet weather, or a large degree of deforestation in the field, poor permeability, are conducive to disease; continuous cropping, low topography, soil heavy weight or too much nitrogen fertilizer is conducive to disease. Third, the prevention and treatment methods ginger spot disease should be taken to strengthen and improve the cultivation and disease control measures, combined with spray protection of comprehensive protection measures. 1. Avoid continuous cropping: Because the sick and residual body is the main source of primary infestation, clean garden work and continuous cropping should be thoroughly implemented before sowing. Rotation with rice for a year is better. 2. Soil preparation and fertilization: Combine soil preparation with soil preparation, apply sufficient organic fertilizer, and level the surface to facilitate irrigation and drainage. Avoid single or over-application of available nitrogen fertilizer. Appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can enhance resistance. 3, spraying protection: the beginning of the attack can be sprayed: (1) 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times; (2) 75% chlorothalonil WP 800-1000 times; (3) 30% The copper oxychloride suspension agent was sprayed 300-400 times, sprayed once every 7-8 days, and continuously sprayed 3-4 times. Anthrax 1. Symptoms The disease can harm leaves, sheaths and stems. Infected leaves mostly appear from the tip or leaf edge of a nearly circular or irregular wet-like chlorotic lesions, can be linked to each other into irregular large spots, severe leaves can be dry, black spots grow on the black Slightly coarser granules. Harmful stems or sheaths form indeterminate or short-spotted lesions, also with small black spots, and in severe cases can cause the leaves to droop but remain green. Second, the spread of germs The disease is caused by a fungal infection called the sphaerocarpa sphaerocarpa. The small black spots seen in the diseased part are the anamorphous spore plates and conidia of the germs, and the bristles are on the spore plates. Conidia unit, colorless, oblong. Sexual generation found less in our province. Germs can also infect a variety of ginger and solanaceous plants. The mycelium, conidium discs and conidia of the germs were overwintering in the soil with the diseased body or left over in the soil and became the primary source of infection for the second year. The conidia were transmitted through wind and rain, irrigation water or insects. The initial infection, after the onset of a large number of new conidia, repeated infections through the frequency of infection to make the disease gradually worse. Continuous cropping with Solanaceae or other ginger plants, low soil moisture, soil viscous weight, or application of available nitrogen fertilizers; high temperatures, rainy and humid weather with an average temperature of 24-28 degrees Celsius favor this disease. Third, the prevention and treatment methods ginger anthrax should be taken to strengthen the cultivation of disease control measures, combined with comprehensive protection of spraying protection. 1. Reduce the bacteria source: Thoroughly clean the pastoral area, do not apply mixed soil fertilizers that are not completely decomposed and mixed with diseased residues, and deep-turning sun soil can effectively reduce the initial infection source. 2. Rotation: Do not make continuous or adjacent works with other crops of Solanaceae or Gingeraceae. Rotation with rice for a year works well. 3, sorghum deep groove planting: application of high-quality organic base fertilizer, leveling surface, timely cultivator soil, remove weeds to reduce field humidity, appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. 4, spraying protection: the beginning of the attack can be sprayed: (1) 80% anthrax Fumei WP 600-750 times; (2) 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times; (3) more than 40% Sulfur rubber suspension 500 times and so on. The spray is sprayed 3-4 times consecutively every 8-10 days.