Yellow and its cultivation techniques
Rehmannia glutinosa is a perennial herb that is produced in places such as Henan, Shanxi and Hebei. Roots and herbs, according to the different processing methods are divided into fresh, habitat and rehearsal. To yellow sweet and bitter, cold, there is heat, fluid, cooling blood, moistening, nourishing yin and kidney, regulate menstruation blood function, can be used to treat yin deficiency fever, blood clotting, irregular menstruation, fetal movement disturbed, Yin Shang constipation. I. Introduction of plant characteristics and varieties Plant characteristics: Plant height 0.2--0.4m, root hypertrophic fleshy, chunky, cylindrical or spindle-shaped, basal leaves clustered, leaves obovate or oblong. Stems erect, solitary or 2--3-flowered; racemes in purplish red or pale yellow. Capsules are ovoid or ovoid, with many seeds and small seeds. 2. Variety Profile: There are many gold cultivars, new champions, black black eagles, white champions, sweet potato kings, Guoli cats, and Daqing Ying. Artificial hybrid varieties Beijing No. 1 and Beijing No. 2 also have a fixed cultivation area. Second, biological characteristics 1. Characteristics of growth and development: Spring planting, the main growth in the early stage of the shoot, after 8 months, root growth exceeds the aboveground. After the frost, the land is withered and naturally overwinters without flowering. Winter plants in the field, 100% flowering in the second spring. 2. The requirements for the environment: growth requires higher temperatures, but more cold-resistant. The soil moisture in the early growth stage is about 12% (the soil is yellow). During the peak period of root swelling from August to September, maintaining moderate moisture in the soil will contribute to high yields. The whole growing season needs plenty of sunshine; the sandy loam with neutral or slightly alkaline, loose and fertile: Hi fertilizer, the best organic fertilizer. Third, cultivation technology Land selection and site preparation: Choose flat, fertile, shade-free, sunny, well-drained and sandy soil with good irrigation conditions, avoid continuous cropping, and avoid peanuts, beans and sesame before. After the harvest of autumn crops, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, and the depth of plowing is 25--30 cm. The areas with high rainfall and low turbidity are high ridges with a ridge distance of 33--78 cm, a height of 25 cm, and a fine surface; compared with arid areas, they are 130 cm wide and flat. 2. Propagation method: It is mainly propagated with roots, but it can also be used for bud propagation. 1 Root propagation: Planted at a daily average temperature of 13°C, 1st to 21% as a suitable planting period, Beijing area at mid-April, Chongqing area at March, Henan Province, early spring and early December, middle and late April, and late yellowing From late May to early June. Select fresh, disease-free, thick 0.8--1.2cm roots, cut into small pieces of 5--6cm for the seed material, preferably with the plan with the species. When the soil is fertile, 50,000-105 thousand plants are planted per hectare and when the soil is thin, 105,000-50,000 plants are planted per hectare. When planting ridges or rafts on the ditch, groove distance 33cm, every 15-20cm put a section of material, cover soil 3--4cm, compaction of topsoil after watering. After planting cover film, the effect is better. 2 Tillage propagation: When the seedling height is 7-12cm, the young shoots will be planted from the mother plant (stems) and immediately planted. This method saves roots and saves labor. 3. Field management: Keep grass in the field and remove buds at any time. One month after emergence, 100 kg of bean cake per 667 square meters or 150-225 kg of ammonium sulfate was applied to the plants. If the manure is poured, water should be poured in time. Keep the soil slightly moist before emergence, and water less after emergence, and keep "yellow grass" (yellow soil) as appropriate. The method of "three pouring and three pouring" is adopted, that is, watering after fertilizing, small wells pouring cool well water after thunderstorms in summer, watering when the plants are wilting at noon; no drought or water pouring, not pouring at high temperatures and high temperatures at noon. , Tianyin does not pour on rain. There is water to be eliminated in time. 4. Pest control: 1 Yellow spot blotch disease: the main damage to the leaves, the onset of the rainy season from July to August, the pathogens overwintering in the sick plants, becoming the source of infection in the following year. Control methods: Select no disease-free areas; collect and dispose of above-ground diseased plants before excavation; apply 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times or spray twice with Bordeaux mixture at the beginning of disease. 2 yellow wilt disease: soil and planting bacteria, as the initial source of infection. Control methods: Select topography and dryness for planting: Rotate with grass crops, bogey and Scrophulariaceae, chrysanthemum and other crop rotation; select disease-free species to retain seed; increase phosphorus, potassium fertilizer; pay attention to drainage water. 3 soybean cyst nematode: damage to the roots, prevention methods: avoid continuous cropping and soy for the former quail: soaking in warm water, soil disinfection and so on. 4 Cotton Red Spider: Adult nymphs suck leaf sap and have two peaks in mid-June and September-October. Control methods: Before the excavation and digging, the clear garden was used to dispose of the diseased body; the distance to the cotton field was a long distance away: in the occurrence period, 40% aqueous amifontate 1500 times solution or 20% amitraz pumped emulsion 1000 times solution was sprayed. Fourth, harvesting and processing planted in the same year from September to October, after the stop growing yellow to harvest. Digging up the roots, except for the net soil, is bright yellow. During the processing, the fresh yellow was slowly baked on a fire bowl until the interior became dry and the color became black, the whole body was soft, and the outer skin was removed when it became hard. Pile 1--2 days to make it rejuvenate, and then dry it to make it live. Add 50% of raw rice wine in the raw land, seal it in the tank or other container, put it in the water bath pot and stew it until the wine is sucked out, and take out the sun until the epithelium is slightly dry.