Vegetable treasures - Leek cultivation techniques
Leek in Jiangxi Province is also known as horseshoe grass and water sunflower. It is a perennial aquatic root herb of Nymphaeaceae. It has been regarded as a treasure in vegetables since ancient times and is known as one of the three famous dishes in the south of the Yangtze River. Amaranth is mainly eaten with young shoots and primary leaf curls. Its underground stems are rich in starch and can be used to make fillings. The transparent stems and young leaves are accompanied by transparent gums. They contain various amino acids, polysaccharides and vitamin B12 and can be made into canned leeks. The taste is smooth and not greasy, delicious and delicious, sweet and delicious, unique flavor, and has the effects of slimming, swelling, Zhuangshen puzzle, heat diuresis, solution of poison, anti-cancer effect, is a very rich green vegetables treasures. First, the morphological characteristics Amaranth is a aquatic floating medium herb, creeping in the water, underground stems in the bottom mud, white, more branches above the ground, slender, with the water level rise and continue to grow, thick stems, each section of life One leaf, oval in shape, whole leaf, frontal green, smooth, red or light red on the back, radial veins, transparent gums on stems and leaves, and most shoots and young leaves. It is the main edible part. Flowers are bisexual flowers, with red and green colors, weak seed germination, and mainly asexual reproduction. Second, varieties currently cultivated in the Yangtze River basin, mainly the following varieties. 1. West Lake Red Leaf Leek is a specialty vegetable in Hangzhou, with dark green front, dark purple on the back, small leaves, strong growth potential, thicker gums on the leaves, good quality, high yield, and 200kg/667m2 of leek harvestable in the year of planting. The second to third years can reach 500kg/667m2. 2. Taihu Lake Amaranth is native to Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province. Its leaves are green on the front, purple on the back edge, green in the center, green leaves in rolls, thick gums, beautiful color after processing, high quality, and high yield. Processing varieties. 3. Hechuan Hongye Hechuan is native to Hechuan City, Hubei Province. The leaves are dark green with a bright red back surface. The main veins are green and the leaves are green. They contain thick gums, are of good quality, and have high yields. They can pick 600kg of leeks per 667m2. Third, cultivation environment Amaranth production using vegetative reproduction, each year to complete a growth and development cycle, its growth period of up to 200 days, dormancy in winter. Therefore, leeks are only widely cultivated in the Yangtze River basin and the areas south of China and the Huaihe River basin, and cultivation in the north is not easy. Leek hi warm, require the growth area flat bottom, rich in organic matter, silt is the best, the soil pH value of 5.5 ~ 6.5 is appropriate, the water layer to 0.7 ~ 1m and flow clarification of uncontaminated living water is the best, The leek enjoys the sunshine, so the leek cannot be mixed with lotus plants, reeds and other aquatic plants. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the main requirements for the fertilizer, and the amount of potash can be appropriate. Fourth, cultivation techniques 1. Planting methods Amaranth can be planted in both spring and autumn, but planting is best when the vernal equinox is raining. In Jiangxi and the Yangtze River basin, it is advisable from late March to mid-April to generally choose robust and free of pests and diseases. Saplings as seedlings, seedlings with digging, along with washing, with the plant, cut into 2 ~ 4 nodes, 15 ~ 20cm long stem segments, each with 1 full buds, wide and narrow row planting, wide row spacing 1m Narrow row spacing 20 ~ 25cm, the stem section of the stem inserted or flat planting (that is, according to the two ends into the mud, exposed bud head), after planting to maintain a shallow layer of 10 ~ 20cm, is conducive to its rooting survival. After emergence, the water level needs to be deepened to 30-40cm. When the plant grows vigorously in summer, the water level gradually deepens to 60-100cm. It is best to have flow-clarified, mineral-rich live water. In this environment, the leek is less contaminated, has a greener color, is delicious, and is rich in gum, transparent and non-sanding. It is the best material for fresh food and processing. By autumn, the water level gradually drops to 30-40 cm. During the winter dormant period, a shallow water layer of about 30 cm can be maintained. 2. Fertilization management In the growth process of leeks, in addition to applying organic fertilizer before planting, the topsoil should be combined with the growth potential of leeks, and the stems and leaves should be thin and yellow. When there is little glutinous material, immediately apply urea. 10kg/667m2, and superphosphate 30 ~ 40kg/667m2. When topdressing, the water level should be shallow and evenly spread, and it must not be sprinkled on the leaves of leeks to prevent chemical fertilizers from burning the leaves and reduce their quality. 3. Diseases and pests control Leek cultivation mainly includes leaf rot, leaf snails, and moss damage. When leaf rot occurs, 25% or 12% green milk copper can be used to prevent and control the spray of water, once every 7 to 10 days, continuously 2. ~ 3 times. Spinal snails can be used belch kill 0.5 ~ 1kg/667m2 mixed fine soil sprinkled into the planting pool. When you find moss, spray it with Bordeaux mixture. 4. After harvesting and planting leeks, they can be harvested continuously from the Ching Ming to the Equinox. The young shoots and leaf curls can be picked every day when it is clear and windless. The quality of the amaranth is best when it is harvested between Gullong and Mang (from April to July). Because the leaf rolls at this time are basically long enough, they have not yet been unfolded. The new shoots are thick, and the gum is sticky. It is an ideal material for fresh food and processing. Every year, the output per 667m2 can reach 300-500kg, and the higher ones can reach 600kg/667m2. After three to four years of continuous picking, they can be planted alternately. Retaining seeds should be selected in the high-quality, high-yield Qiangtang dig thick, disease-free pests and with full eyes buds for propagation of seedlings, seedling transplanting the following year.