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Food pest control technology
1. Insect armyworm damages characteristics: Mythimna separata is also called night worms. The larvae feed on the leaves of plants and have the characteristics of cluster damage. I like to eat cereal crops such as wheat, corn, sorghum, millet, etc., and they are most likely to be eaten when they occur. Cereal crops such as soybeans, sugar beets, hemp, cotton, and vegetables can also be harmed. Occurrence characteristics: Mythimna separata adults can migrate long-distance. In Liaoning, they cannot overwinter. From late May to early June, a large number of adults migrated to lay eggs. In mid-June and late larvae, they were the second generation of Liaoning people. Mythimna separata, the third generation of armyworm will occur in mid-August. The armyworm is lurking in the crop or grass during the day and starts its activities at dusk, feeding nectar, sweet liquids and copulating eggs. The lush, high-humidity plots were selected for spawning. Egg masses were produced in yellow leaves or dead leaf sheaths. Each female had moths spawned at more than 1,000 eggs, and each egg mass had tens to hundreds of eggs. After hatching, the eggs become larvae after 3-4 days of incubation. The newly hatched larvae are damaged by multiple aggregating centers. After 3rd instar, the food intake is greatly increased. The 4-6th instars are gluttonous, and the food intake accounts for more than 90% of the total. The drug resistance is also strong. . Therefore, the best prevention and treatment period is before the 3rd instar. Control methods: The key to controlling armyworm is early detection and timely prevention and control. (1) Dusting: Use, 2.5% dipterex powder, or 5% malathion, or 0.04% extermination powder, 1.5-2 kg per seedling. (2) Spraying: Use 1000-1500 times of 90% crystal trichlorfon, or 1000-1500 times of 80% dichlorvos EC (suppressed in sorghum field), or 3000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin EC, or 50% of malathion Phosphorus EC is 1000-2000 times, 75 kg per mu. 2. Underground Pests Underground pests are those that live in the soil for the most part of their lives. They damage the underground parts of field crops, fruit trees, vegetables, and various crops, and the tender stems near the ground. There are many species of these pests, including fleas, cockroaches, wireworms, and wheat roots. 1. It is a common name for the beetle larvae. Its body is fat and wrinkled. Its bending amount is “C†shaped, white or milky yellow, and its head is large and round. There are many types of maggots and crickets. There are more than 20 species common in farmland in Liaoning. The species mainly include the northeastern big black beetle, the dark gold beetle, the bronze green beetle, and the black velvet beetle. Both adults and larvae can damage crops. Larvae bite off rhizomes in the ground, biting their mouths neatly, or cutting down on tubers and roots to reduce their production. Adults eat more fruits and tree leaves. 2. Divides into northern China and Africa, and distributes in Liaoning. The damage is caused by adults and nymphs. Most of them damage the fields, seedlings, young roots, young stems of vegetables, cotton, hemp, fruit trees, forest trees, and seeds that have just been sown. Wait. The affected area is presented with a turbulent appearance, and forms a vertical and horizontal curved tunnel under the surface of the ground. It often causes the seedlings to separate from the soil and die, causing seedlings and broken pieces. 3. The worms of the genus Gracilaria are larvae of the caterpillar. Mainly pests and cereal crops, potato, beans, cotton and other crops of young shoots and species, can be bitten eggs just broken off the seedlings, but also can be drilled into the roots of growing seedlings to eat damage, harm Incomplete bite, fracture is not neat. Larger seeds and tubers can also be drilled, and holes can be formed. The affected plants can die and die. Prevention and control methods: (1) Agricultural control: Set up the ground to reduce the amount of overwintering insects: in the fall, turn over the ground and rake the ground, turn the underground pests to the surface, and reduce the density of insects by frost, sun exposure, and bird feeding. Reduce the damage of the coming year. (2) Chemical control: coating of seed coating agent: Put the seed on plastic cloth, then spread the seed coating agent evenly on the seed, stir and knead while spreading, and make the liquid evenly coated on the seed surface. The medicinal film can be sown after drying, and the ratio of the medicament and the seed is 1:50 for corn, 1:70-80 for soybean, 1:60 for wheat, and 1:60-80 for sorghum. Seed dressing: Use 50% phoxim 0.5 kg, add water 20-50 kg, mix seeds 250-300 kg, or use 40% methylisothiphos 0.5 kg, add 15-20 kg of water, and 200 kg of seed, or With 25% parathion capsules sustained-release 0.5 kg, 12.5 kg of water, seed dressing 250 kg, are effective against three types of underground pests. Toxic soil: Use 50% phoxim EC or 25% parathion microcapsule suspension agent per acre, add 100 kg water 0.5 kg, and mix and apply 20 kg of fine dry soil. Poison bait: Use 40-50% Dimethoate EC or 90% crystal trichlorfon 0.5 kg, add 5 kg of water, and mix 50 kg of lake fragrant bait (food is wheat bran, bean cake, corn groats, or grain valley). In the field, earthworms are digged into a large bowl every 3-5 meters, put into a poisonous bait, and then covered with soil, 1.5-2.5 kg of bait per acre. 4. The characteristics of the ground tiger damage: ground tiger food miscellaneous complex, damage crops are vegetables, tobacco, cotton, corn, sorghum and so on. The species that occurred in Liaoning were small tigers and yellow tigers. The ground tigers have 2-3 generations in one year and the yellow tigers have two generations in one year. Adults lay eggs on the clods and stems or roots of the dry grass. The larvae have 6 instars and 1 and 2 inhabited on the soil surface or in the host heart. After the third year of age, they were transferred to the soil for inhabitation, and they were attacked overnight to carry out damages. They often snapped off at the base of the seedling stem and clumped with a hole to cause dead hearts or death. Prevention methods: The key to the control of the ground tiger is to be carried out before the third instar, because at this time, the larvae are active on the ground, and the food intake is small, and the drug resistance is weak. (1) Agricultural control: Elimination of egg larvae on grass and removal of weeds. And bring out fertilizers outside the field, can achieve significant results. (2) spraying: ground spraying to prevent young larvae. Can spray 2.5% of trichlorfon powder per mu 2-2.5 kg, 50% dichlorvos EC 1000 times or 90% crystal trichlorfon 1500 times liquid spray (disabled on sorghum). (3) Toxic soil: Use 50% phoxim 0.5 kg, add 1 kg of water, spray and mix 100-150 kg of fine soil to make poisonous soil. When using it, apply it in the vicinity of the seedling root. kg. (4) Poison bait: use 90% crystal trichlorfon 0.5 kg or 50% 1605 EC 100 grams or 2.5% trichlorfon powder 1.5 kg, add 2.5-5 kg ​​of water, spray mixed in the crushed fresh grass 30-35 kg , Or mix into crushed sauteed cottonseed cake or 50 kilograms of oil dregs to make poison baits. In the evening near the rows of seedlings, sprinkle a small heap at a distance. Use 15-20 kg of bait for bait or cottonseed cake baits per acre. 4-5 kg. Third, the seedling pest damage characteristics: Seedling pest refers to the damage to the seedlings above ground part of the main black velvet beetles, large grey elephant weevil, Mongolia gray gray weevil, mesh sand potential and other beetle adults. The damage to the dicotyledonous crops is serious, because the death point of the whole plant often causes the death of the whole plant. In severe cases, it causes a large number of broken seedlings. Control methods: (1) Mix poisonous soil with 3% methamidophos and spread it on seedlings, 2 kg per mu. (2) Spraying or dusting: Use 50% methamidophos EC, 75 grams per mu, spray 25-35 kg of water. Or use 1.5% methyl 1605 powder, 20% killer pine powder and other direct powder, 1-1.5 kg per acre. (3) Seed coating agent coating: Dedicated special type is required. The method is to put the seed on the plastic cloth, evenly spread the seed coating agent on the seed, and stir it evenly to form a uniform film on the surface of the seed and dry it. You can sow. The ratio of the agent to the seed was 1:50 for corn, 1:70-80 for soybean, 1:60 for wheat, and 1:60-80 for sorghum.