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On Du Fu's Cultivation and Management
First, fertilization and fertilization is also an important part of the cultivation of azaleas. There are two basic fertilizers and top dressings. Long-term fertilizers such as organic fertilizers such as nails, bone powder, cake fertilizers, manure, etc. are used in basal fertilizers and are buried in the upper and lower layers of pots and earths when the upper pots or pots are changed. Fertilizer application of quick-acting fertilizer, the amount of light, and not too strong, otherwise it will make the buds dry without flowering. The top-dressing fertilizer can be carried out in the evening of a sunny day. The liquid fertilizer should be light and should not be thick. It is necessary to spray evenly to avoid fertilization under rainy or windy weather. The fertilization should be based on the different needs of each growth stage of azaleas: From March to April, in order to make the old leaves turn green and promote new roots, we can apply fertilizer water 3 times a month. From May to July, it can be applied twice a month to make the branches and leaves longer. Phosphate fertilizer was topdressed once every 10 days before flowering, and 2 to 3 times in succession. Fertilizer should be stopped when the color was exposed to flowering, and nitrogen fertilizer should be supplied immediately after flowering. July to August growth stagnation should not be fertilized. In autumn and cool seasons, topdressing phosphate fertilizers is usually applied from 7 days to 10 days until the winter season to enrich the buds. Fertilizer should be made of bean cake water and fish gizzard water, and it should be applied to thin manure. Fertilizer should be properly mixed with ferrous sulfate to regulate the soil pH. If there is fertilizer damage, the performance is yellow leaves, dry tips, shriveled branches, a large number of fallen leaves, dry fertilizer should be immediately removed, continuous irrigation to wash fertilizer points, home half shade maintenance, which can save the plants damaged by fertilizer. Second, pruning rhododendron has a strong budding force, cultivation should pay attention to during its growth combined with pruning to shape, in order to maintain the perfect plant shape. Topping is done in young plants, artificially removing the top bud, or removing a small shoot, controlling the height of the plant, and promoting the sprouting of the lateral branch. Peeling is to control flowering too early, too much, reduce nutrient consumption, stripping some or all of the buds from autumn to winter before flowering, is conducive to shoots and cultivating the crown. Pruning is used to sort out the tree shape, and it can repair pests and branches, overlapping branches, cross branches, bare branches and winter frostbite branches. Pruning is mainly based on sparse shearing. The seedlings accelerate their formation in about 3 years. The buds are often removed without flowering, and the tips are picked up and new shoots are removed to promote the emergence of new shoots. Third, shading and cold azaleas like hi cool, moist, ventilated half-environment, afraid of hot and afraid of the cold, the growth of temperature is 12 °C to 25 °C, the summer temperature exceeds 35 °C, the new shoots, new leaves grow slowly , in a semi-dormant state. In summer, it is necessary to shade the sun, and in winter it should be kept warm and cold. Avoid sun exposure, suitable for growing under scattered light with low light intensity. The light is too strong, the leaves are easily burned, and the old leaves of the new leaves are coke-edge. In severe cases, the plants will die. In winter, cultivated azaleas in open fields must take measures to prevent the cold, so as to ensure their safe wintering. Among the ornamental rhododendrons, the cold resistance of Xiqiao is the weakest, and temperatures below 0°C are prone to frost damage. IV. Pest Control Strengthen the management of fertilizers and waters and enhance the ability of azaleas to resist pests and diseases. 2. Improve environmental conditions and regulate the temperature and humidity of cultivated land. In particular, rhododendrons in the greenhouse must be ventilated and ventilated to reduce the humidity, so as to reduce the occurrence of disease (such as azalea leaf spot, brown spot, and gray mold). Planting density, potted flower density should be suitable for ventilation. Winter room temperature should be suitable, do not flicker. 3. The common insect pests of Rhododendron cultivars are spider mites, cuckoo crest nets, and pear crown clams. Starscream prevailed in summer when it was hot and dry, causing serious damage, leaving yellowish leaves until it fell off, which could be killed by acaricides. The crown pupa is the main pest of the cuckoo, which has no apparent overwintering phenomenon and can be seen almost all year round. When a small amount of pests occur on potted azaleas, they can be killed manually. When the damage is severe, it can be sprayed with an insecticide (for example, 50% killer pine oil 2000 to 4000 times liquid). Common diseases include leaf spot and brown spot. Leaf spot on the initial purple-red spots on the leaves, and gradually expanded into irregular dark brown spots, the middle part of the late lesions gray, with small black spots, severe leaves yellow, off. The pathogenic bacteria overwintered on diseased leaves, and the temperature in late spring rose and spread with the wind. The potted azaleas in greenhouses occurred year-round. The cultivation and management should be strengthened. Spraying 70% thiophanate-methyl, 20% triadimefon wettable powder 1000 times at the beginning of the disease, spraying once every 10 days, and even spraying several times can effectively control the occurrence of diseases. 4. Breeding good disease-resistant varieties. Among them, 'Antarctic', 'He Zhu' and 'White Yuxing Jin' are more resistant to disease.