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Green turtle turtle rapid breeding technology
Green-winged turtle is a precious and high-level ornamental animal with high ornamental value. It is known as "live jade" in the water. It is a gift of high quality and is very suitable for family rearing. Artificial breeding of green turtles has the advantages of simple equipment, convenient management, low investment, low cost, quick effect, and high yield. Rapid cultivation of green turtles is a manual method. After a certain amount of technical processing, the turtle grows green hair and develops green turtles in a relatively short period of time. 1 Breeding conditions Containers Glass jars, tile jars, porcelain jars, tubs, and small concrete pools, etc. The size of the green turtles grows normally without causing the green turtles to climb out. Each turtle should prepare a container. Selection of algae and turtle species Algae are generally selected from Bsicladia crassa Hoffm. Et Tild and Baicladia chelonum (C011.) Hoeffm. ], The former is the best; turtle species is better to choose yellow-lucked turtles or money turtles. Equipment and tools Fluorescent lamps or incandescent lamps, centrifuges, medical abrasive wheels, scalpels, tweezers, funnels, filter papers, knives or shovels, writing brushes, beakers, electric stoves, microscopes, blood count plates, reagent bottles, plastic droppers, soft brown Brush, hard brown brush and so on. Culture media and chemicals Potato, potato flour, white sugar, agar; distilled water, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferric chloride. The feed is mainly animal feed, supplemented by vegetable feed. Such as snail meat, fish, shrimp, frog meat, insects, lean meat, lettuce, radish, rice and so on. Anti-disease medicine salt, baking soda, nitrofurazone, "chlor kill the king" and so on. 2 Cultivation method The collection of basement algae and the cultivation and extraction of its spores The base alga is a kind of low-grade thermophilic aquatic plants. In the natural waters, stones, wood piles, etc. that are often clustered in the visible light range are rich in calcium. In the woody place, it is green or dark green with five branches at the top. The handle is rough and smooth, and the thread is clear and tidy. The spring and autumn seasons reproduce rapidly. The propagation speed is directly affected by the content of organic matter in sunlight and water. Therefore, it is more appropriate to collect and cultivate inoculation in the spring and autumn. Should collect dark green, hard, thick silk, large pull resistance algae, with a knife gently scraped from the bottom of the algae, rinse with water on the dirt attached to it, and then put it back into the container . Take 400-500g of the basement algae and put it into aeration tap water or well water (water temperature is kept at 20-25°C), culture for about 10 days in the sunlight (at night can be placed under 60W fluorescent lamp), when the culture medium is dark green At this time, it was revealed that a large number of mycelial spores had been generated, and spores could be counted using a blood count board to calculate the concentration of spores in the culture solution. When there are more than 100 spores per ml, concentrate the culture broth in a centrifuge (usually at 1 500 rpm/min, centrifuge for 5 min) to obtain a concentrated mass of the myxoid spores. Preparation of medium Weigh 20 g of potatoes peeled and cut into small pieces, 20 g of potato flour and 5 g of sugar. Add water to a container and add 1 000 mL of water. Boil for 20 minutes. Cool after filtration. Add 15 g of agar to the filtrate to melt and cool. After that. The treatment of the tortoises is to select the yellow-throated turtles or money turtles that weigh around 0.25kg, have a strong, lively, and well-behaved animal. Wash the dirt on the turtle's body with clean water, then use a medical wheel to remove the enamel on the turtle's plastron to reveal the calcium inside. Then use a scalpel to scramble on the tortoiseshell, the distance is generally 0.15~0.2cm, and the depth is generally about 0.1cm, so that the spores of the genus genus can be fixedly grown. The treated turtle becomes the base turtle to be vaccinated. The inoculation method of the genus of the genus of the algae was performed by heating the above-mentioned culture medium to be melted, and slightly cooling the quiche with a clean brush to uniformly coat a thin layer on the dorsoventral of the basal turtle. Note that the tortoiseshell should be dried before the application. Then, the culture medium on the scorpion tortoiseshell was still completely cooled, and the concentrated group of the myxoid spores was smeared with a clean brush and evenly spread on the tortoise-coated medium. Finally, put the turtle into a container filled with well water or tapped tap water (water temperature is between 20～25°C). Under 60W fluorescent lamp, keep the water temperature at 20～25°C, do not feed, and let it rest for 15-20 days. Turtle on the back can be seen with a short pile of green hair, at this time, you can remove from the room, in the outdoor half of the shade for routine feeding. In order to accelerate the growth of the basic algae (green hair) on the turtle's back, an appropriate amount (usually one thousandth of the amount of water) of the nutrient solution is added every week (the preparation method of the nutrient solution is: in 1 000 mL of distilled water, 4 g of calcium nitrate is added. , Potassium nitrate 1g, Magnesium sulfate 1g, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1g, 2 drops ferric chloride solution). The ability to grow spores on turtle backs depends on the purity of the algae, the viability of the spores, and the handling of the turtle. 3 Inoculation and Management of Inoculated Turtles Inoculated green turtles (ie turtles with a short pile of green hair on their backs) were cared for in each vessel by one container to avoid biting and resulting in deterioration of quality. Feeding in the appropriate temperature conditions, the summer 3 ~ 4d feeding once, spring and autumn feeding 1 time a week, if there is no heating facilities in the winter, you can stop feeding. Each feeding amount is 5% to 7% of its body weight, feeding time is generally noon at spring and autumn, and it is about 18:00 in summer. The feed is mainly fresh and clean animal feed, and it is supplemented with a small amount of vegetable feed. Eat bait after each feeding. Changing the water in summer is generally 3～4 d for changing the water once; in the spring and autumn, the water is changed twice a week; if the water quality is good in winter, basically no water change is needed. The time for changing the water is generally selected to be about 30 hours after each feeding, and it is performed after the turtle dung is discharged. When changing the water, remove the green turtle and pour out the upper clear water. Discard the remaining muddy water. Replace the water by about half for each change. Do not add too much water to submerge the turtle's back by 3 cm. When changing the water, you should pay attention to two points: first, the new water should be clean and aerated; second, the temperature difference should not exceed 3°C. Combing green wool usually combs green wool once a week. When the green hair is below 1 cm, it needs to be combed with a softer brush; with the growth of green hair, a harder brown silk brush or nylon can be used instead. Brush for combing. The method is to put the green turtle in the isothermal water, put it on the water surface, the green hair is still submerged in the water, and then use a brush to comb in a certain direction like a comb. When combing, it is necessary to master the strength, so that it is appropriate to comb cleanly and unscrupulously without damaging the green hair. The sun back should be properly lighted every day, but it is also necessary to avoid exposure and prevent the water temperature from being too high. Sun backs are good for promoting the growth of green hairs. If you encounter long-term rainy days, it is necessary to feed under fluorescent or incandescent lamps and supplement light to ensure the photosynthesis of the genus Basidiomycetes. Disease control Green turtles have strong resistance to diseases and generally do not develop diseases. However, they are also ill due to poor management. The following five kinds of common diseases are common. Corrosion disease: A piece or pieces of horny shield or vertebral shield of the turtle's plastron rots and turns black and rots into a defect when severe. Generally believed to be caused by a bacterial infection, only the yellow-throated turtle was found to be ill. The prevention and control methods are mainly to strengthen the feeding and management, and enhance the resistance to disease; use 100g/L of salt to soak the culture pond for 30 minutes: smear the infected area with iodophor. Be careful when applying it. First, do not apply it to the genus Basidiomycetes. Second, do not The iodophor flowed into the nostrils of the turtle; or soaked with a solution of 0.6g/m3 of chlorine for 5 hours per day, soaked once a day for 3 days. Bacterial Mildew: Aquatic molds and cotton molds are invaded by green hairy turtles due to frostbite, mechanical injuries, and other skin injuries. Occur in the plastron. The body of the turtle is thin, and the appetite is diminished. There are grayish white mycelia at the skin lesions, and when the lesions are severe, the wounds are congested or ulcerated. Winter is more common in winter. The prevention and control method is to operate the turtle carefully in the process of trans-shipment and water exchange, and to avoid the injury of the turtle body. Disinfect the container and the sick turtle with 400-500 g/m3 of salt and 400-500 g/m3 of baking soda mixture. Use "Shui Mi Ye Jing" to reconcile into a paste to wipe the infected area. Generally, after applying it for 1 to 2 minutes, put the turtle back into the container for feeding. Apply it once a day, generally sticking for a week to cure. White eye disease: The diseased turtle's eyes become inflamed and congested and gradually turn grayish and swollen. The nasal mucosa is then gray and white. In severe cases, the blindness of the eyes is caused and the breathing is blocked. After the onset, the diseased tortoise often rubs the eye with the forefoot; emaciated. It has been reported that the disease may be caused by excessively alkaline water, inflammation of the eyes and nose, and subsequent bacterial infection. The prevention and control methods are mainly to strengthen the feeding and management, feeding cows, pigs and goat livers during the onset of illness to increase nutrition and increase resistance. Soak turtle container with 100 g/L saline for 30 min. Apply the affected area with 0.5% sulfathiazole; apply 1 or 2 times a day until it has healed. When applying, be careful not to apply the liquid to the filamentous algae of the green hairy turtle, so as to avoid adverse effects of the liquid on the genus Basidiomycetes and the genus Basidiomycetes. The use of Maddamycin dissolved in feeding water, a tablet per cylinder per day, every other day, 3 times can be effective. Decline disease: The green hair on the diseased turtle's body surface changes from dark green to emerald green, gradually turning yellow-green, light green or even yellow. Generally caused by lack of light and water quality is not suitable (acidic or alkaline too strong) caused. The control method is to control the water to neutral or weakly alkaline (pH 6-8), and the pH is the best 7-7.5. If the pH of the water is below 6.8, it can be adjusted to 7 with edible alkali or borax. If the pH of the water is above 7.5, a small amount of rice vinegar or vinegar can be used to adjust to neutrality. Enhance the light intensity and time, such as due to long-term rain, lack of light, can be used to make up for indoor fluorescent lamps and ordinary lights. Can use 60W light bulb, 10cm from the surface of the water, after 2~3h of irradiation, if see small bubble rise on the filamentous algae, said the light intensity is enough, every day light 6 ~ 8h. If no bubbles appear after irradiation, increase the wattage of the light bulb and extend the lighting time appropriately. Alopecia areata: In the filiform algae of a turtle's dorsal genus, bald or as if cut off. There are two causes, one is the bald spot caused by the green hair damage; the other is the larvae of the chironomid larvae that are trapped in the filamentous algae of the turtle dorsal, causing alopecia areata. The former can grow new green hair as long as it is kept in the light for a period of time as long as it is not damaged by bacteria. The latter is to adopt the following methods for prevention and control: the best water for aquaculture is well water, such as lake water and river water, and it should be precipitated for 2 to 3 days so that the eggs and larvae of Chimpanzee in water can be deposited on the bottom of the water. Only the upper and middle waters are used. Prevent the eggs and larvae of Chironomid mosquitoes from being introduced into the aquaculture water. When feeding the blisters, wash them thoroughly and do not bring the chironomid larvae into the container. When combing the filamentous algae of the turtle, check it carefully. Once the chironomid larvae are found, Use clips. Other managements prevent escape. For containers that are prone to escape, cover the net cover or cover with holes. During the wintering period, try to keep the water temperature at 8 to 10°C. In addition, the family of green-lipped turtles, if they encounter the owner for a short period of 1 to 2 weeks, do not feed a large amount of food before leaving. Just place the rearing container in a safe place with a suitable amount of visible light. Does not cause water pollution, but also conducive to the photosynthesis of genus Basidiomycetes. In accordance with the above methods for cultivation and management, if the water temperature, nutrition and light suitable, proper management, general green hair (base algae) can grow 10-20cm per year, the green hair on the floor will grow a certain length, and limbs, neck The Ministry will also grow some green hair and become a treasure of the green turtle. 4 Cautions When using algae to collect algae species, you must use a microscope to ensure that the algae is clean or the algae and other algal algae are eliminated. Otherwise, the purity of the concentrated spore group will be affected. Affect the inoculation effect. Water for cultivation If tap water is used as a source of water for the cultivation of green turtles, two points must be taken care of. One is to fully aerate and the other is to regularly add a certain amount of nutrient solution. Otherwise, tap water is soft water with low hardness. Going down to a certain extent will affect the growth of genus algae. Disease prevention and treatment should pay special attention to the control of green turtle disease, all drugs that are harmful to the genus algae (such as copper sulfate, etc.) should be banned or used with caution. Feeding the feed to feed must be fresh. When feeding meat, it should be cut into small pieces that are easily swallowed by green-haired turtles, and bones or fish bones should be removed. Insects must also be removed from bad-digesting parts (such as the wings of aphids). When combing green hair, combing green hair must be done with appropriate intensity, especially in the initial period of inoculation. When the green hair is 1 to 3cm long, it must be handled lightly when combed, otherwise it will cause a large area of ​​damage to the green hair, and must be re-inoculated to make up for it.