Application of Tea Grafting Technology
The promotion and application of tea tree grafting technology has played an active role in accelerating the transformation of old tea garden varieties, improving the coverage of improved varieties, and promoting the industrialization of tea production. Since 1999, we have carried out the autumn-winter grafting test of "low grafting and tied with local generation" tea trees. The success has been achieved, and a mature and practical grafting technique has been concluded. First, grafting points 1. ready. The tea plants with a root diameter of 1 cm or more are selected, and the tea gardens that can take out the fine yellow loam in the tea garden can be grafted. In the previous month, deep fertilization was conducted to allow the tea tree roots to accumulate sufficient nutrients. The cut anvil is divided into two parts, the first time before being taken off the land, at the locm, the tea tree is cut off, the tea plantation is cleared, and the fine soil is screened for use. One day before grafting, soles should be poured to keep the soil moist. Scion selection of clones of reddish-brown semi-woody varieties of tea branches, the species with Ukrainian early, Yingshuang, Pingyang special early as well, adaptability, grafting survival rate is high. 2, grafted. Grafting anvil, stalk anvil, cutting ear, cuttings in four steps, the specific operation is as follows: Anvil is on the basis of the first cut anvil, split the roots of the soil, from the root 2 ~ 3cm and then cut once. The anvil is cut once with a spring scissor, and the anvil skin must not be damaged. The rootstock is too large and can be sawn with a small saw. The anvil is cut from the middle of the stock with a grafting knife to a depth of 2 to 3 cm. The harder rootstock can be used to hit the back of the grafting knife with wooden sticks, so as to open the rootstock. The cutting head should be cleared by a knife. Cut from the lower end of the scion to the base of the leaf and form a tangential surface. The cutting length is about 2cm, slightly shorter than the cutting of the rootstock, and the two tangs must be flat. The scions are two-leaf and one-bud, and the lower leaves are cut in half. The upper leaves are not cut, leaving axillary buds. The scion must be kept fresh and cut. When cuttings, use a wire cutter to open the split rootstock and insert the sharpened scion into the rootstock. The thicker side of the scion shall be aligned with the edge of the rootstock. That is, the phloem of the thick side of the scion is completely in line with the phloem of the rootstock, and the stock The tighter the scion interaction, the better, which is conducive to the simultaneous division of parenchyma cells and accelerate the formation of healing tissue. Generally, each plexus tea tree is connected with 3 to 5 rootstocks, each rootstock is followed by a panicle, and large stocks can also receive 2 to 3 panicles. 3. earth. Immediately after picking up, the yellow loam soil was bred, and all the scions were buried in the earth with the Tied soil tied, leaving only the upper axillary buds exposed. The soil is pressed slightly by hand, and the rootstock and the scion should not be loosened. After soil is finished, use a watering can to moisten the soil. Do not water it too much. 4. cover. Wet a layer of straw or weeds on the soil surface, moisturizing and insulating effect, insert bamboo strips at every lm, form a bow, the middle height is 50cm, and apply agricultural film on the bamboo strips. In fact, the formation of a closed, conditional on the agricultural film and then covered with a layer of shade net, both to prevent the agricultural film by the wind in winter to open, but also avoid direct sunlight, consume water. 5. management. After the autumn and winter grafting, it is generally not necessary to water the plants after grafting. On rainy days, the membrane can be lifted to receive rainwater to ensure that the soil inside the membrane is moist. At the beginning of April of the following year, when the tea buds grow to 3-4 leaves, they can choose to uncover the film on cloudy days. After uncovering the film, it is put in a wolf eaves to be used in the shade, and the use of the shade net is better. When the seedlings up to locm above the top buds, to facilitate the growth and development of lateral buds. 6. time. Grafting time is suitable from October to December. 7. material. 1.8m long bamboo strips, spring shears, grafting knives, wire cutters, small saws, agricultural film. Second, pay attention to the problem Through three years of experimentation and demonstration, we must improve the survival rate of grafting. Under the premise of correctly grasping grafting technology, we must also pay attention to three issues: 1. Rootstock should not be too small. Due to the fact that most of the farmer's tea gardens are three years old, the tea tree skeleton is thin, less than lcm below the rootstock, there is no contraction force after the split, the scion is easy to loosen, move, the formation of the layer can not be consistent, the rootstock and scion is difficult to heal, resulting in graft failure . 2. The film release in the spring should be delayed. At the beginning of April 2001, when the buds sprouted and emerged into a bud with three or four leaves, the graft survival rate was significantly higher, and premature death was caused by poor growth due to strong light. 3. Pay attention to the shade moisture. In the autumn of 1999, there were no shade measures for tea trees. In the autumn of 2000, the tea gardens covered in the autumn were covered with a layer of straw, which provided a moisturizing effect. After uncovering the membranes, they were shaved with shawls or shade nets, which greatly increased the success rate of grafting. Practice has proved that the grafting of tea trees in autumn and winter is a simple and practical technology. Compared with the new cultivation, it not only saves costs, but also can be put into operation one year or even two years earlier, shortening the payback period, and transforming old tea gardens to promote new ones. An effective way to breed.