Winter greenhouse cucumber and mushroom intercropping
In order to increase the income of greenhouses, we used the temperature and humidity conditions and limited space in the shed to carry out three-dimensional planting experiments of vegetables and Agaricus bisporus. From October 1996 to May 1997, we planted 200 square meters of Agaricus bisporus and 2,080 kg of Agaricus bisporus in a 420-square-meter greenhouse without affecting the cultivation of vegetables, and increased net income by more than 6,500 yuan. First, the greenhouse construction of greenhouses with the general winter warm shed, about 60 meters long, 7 meters wide, to be built in fertile soil, water drainage convenience, water pollution-free place. After the shed was built, it was re-applied organic manure and potassium fertilizer, deep-leveling, and pouring water. Then use 0.5% dichlorvos and dicofol to evenly spray every corner, and then use 6 kg of sulfur to suffocate for 3 days to completely kill the bacteria in the shed. Second, the cultivation and management of cucumber varieties of cucumber selection Xintai Mi. In the first ten days of October, the first true leaves of the cucumber seedlings were grown in the nursery seedlings, and the pumpkin seedlings with the cotyledons flat were grafted as rootstocks and transplanted into a 1.2-meter-wide cucumber seedling that was watered. Each row of 2 rows, spacing 40 cm, spacing 25 cm, survive after the scaffolding, and normal management. III. Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus 1. Production of culture materials: Fermentation of culture materials was carried out in early October. According to every 100 square meters, 1500 kilograms of wheat straw, 2000 kilograms of wet cow dung, 500 kilograms of chicken manure, 20 kilograms of urea, 50 kilograms of superphosphate, and 50 kilograms of lime and gypsum powder are prepared, and then mixed and fermented for a total of 4 times. It takes 25 days. The excellent material for fermentation was brown, scented, pH 7.5 and moisture content 65%. 2. Into the shed and sowing of the culture materials: At the end of October, the fermentation material was put into the shed. Before that, the amount of triclosan and the enemy was killed, and Ketiming was used 400 times to spray the material, and the boring time was 24 hours. When the shed was placed, the material was overlaid on each side of each row of cucumbers with a wavy shape of 20 cm on each side, and the north and south were used as culture beds. Practice has proved that: This method yields high quality mushrooms. After the material is put into the shed, sow 1 sowing per square meter sowing, and gently flatten the material surface. 3. Cover soil: About 20 days after sowing, the mycelium was eaten at 2/3, and the soil was covered. Fill the reserved watering trenches with water before covering the soil, excavate 7 cm deep the next day, and evenly cover the excavated earth on the wave cutting surface, which is about 3.5 cm thick. 4. Mushrooming: Beginning budding about 40 days (mid-December). The cucumber vine grows to more than 1 meter at this time, creating a good shading environment for the mushroom, which is conducive to mushrooming. In management, it is necessary to spray water in a timely manner and correctly master the use. When budding, mushroom water is sprayed for 3 days, and the temperature is lowered in the morning and evening every day. Each time, 400 to 700 ml/m2 water is used. Then stop the water for 2 days, and then spray quality is not the same as above. The Agaricus bisporus and cucumber can be listed at the same time before the New Year's Day, when the temperature is low, it is the off-season of vegetables, try to stretch out the time of mushrooming, so that the hyphae fully rest, improve the total output. IV. Comprehensive Management 1. Strictly control the temperature in the shed: When the Agaricus bisporus comes into fruition, the temperature in the shed should be controlled at 20 to 30°C during the day and 10°C at night. When the temperature of the shed is low due to lack of cloudy lighting, it is necessary to use the lamp to increase the temperature at night, and a 100 watt bulb every 6 meters. As Agaricus bisporus is cultivated underground, affected by the ground temperature, as long as the temperature inside the greenhouse is not too high or too low, it has little effect on the yield of Agaricus bisporus. 2. Correctly grasp the humidity and moisture: The temperature in the shed should generally be maintained between 60% and 80%. After watering or spraying, if the outside air temperature is high, it can be properly ventilated. When interplanting, the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus can absorb groundwater, and the water spray should be reduced by 1/3 than that of the ordinary mushroom house. When the mushroom grows, it can be covered with moist soil. 3. Reasonable fertilization: The cucumber should increase fertilization regularly in the watering. After the Agaricus bisporus three batches of mushrooms, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea can be used to apply cucumber leaf surface and double mushroom bed surface. 4. Prevent pests and diseases: In the period of stopping mushrooming, promptly remove the mushroom roots and dead mushrooms, leveling the material surface, and then carefully spray insecticidal bactericidal drugs. Try not to use drugs during fruiting, especially bactericidal drugs to prevent damage to the mushrooms. In short, vegetables and mushrooms are intercropping to solve the problem of difficult mushrooming of the winter mushroom, and at the same time, it reduces the investment, promotes the growth of vegetables, improves the planting efficiency of greenhouses, and has promotion value in northern rural areas.