Small-scale watermelon high efficiency cultivation technique
At present, small watermelons that are crisp, sweet and thin on the market are popular. However, in this area, the melons and melons arrive at the harvesting stage and meet with rainy weather, which is extremely unfavorable for the production of watermelons. To explore a way to avoid the rain, improve the quality and yield, but also to achieve early maturity, thereby increasing economic efficiency, we conducted a three-dimensional test of small watermelon rain shelter for two consecutive years, and achieved a sowing, two harvest, mu (1 acre ;667 square meters, the same below) The output of more than 6000 kilograms, mentioning the city for 1 month, the yield value of 14800 yuan per mu of gratifying results. The main cultivation techniques are as follows. 1. Select good varieties (1) Huang Xiaoyu has good precocity, strong disease resistance, high rate of sitting fruit, and strong continuous results, and more than 10 melons can be harvested per plant. Melon-shaped neat appearance, melon skin green, fine and clear pattern, weighing about 2 kilograms, thin and tough, resistant to storage and transportation. The flesh is pale yellow, and the meat is tender, the juice is sweet, the taste is excellent, and the food has a particularly refreshing feeling. (2) Hong Xiaoyu grows vigorously, is resistant to disease and high yield, and has good continuous results. The single plant can continuously produce more than 10 melons. The single melon weighs about 2 kilograms and the fruit shape is neatly spherical. The melon pattern is clear and the melon skin is greenish green. The flesh is bright red, crisp and tender, juicy, with a degree of sugar of 13 degrees or more, and has excellent taste. Although the skin is thin but tough, it is more resistant to storage and transportation. (3) The special Xiaofeng fruit has a neat appearance, beautiful appearance, tender meat, succulent and succulent, thin and tough skin, yellow fruit pulp, single fruit weight of 1.5-2 kilograms, good fruit setting, strong disease resistance, strong growth potential. 2. Cultivate strong seedlings (1) Soaking and germination In mid-January, soaking in warm water and constant temperature germination are used. That is to say, boiling water and cold water are used to stir half an hour, and when the water temperature is 55 to 60°C, the seeds are released and stirred again. When the water temperature drops to 30°C, rub the seeds with hands until no mucus, and then rinse with water for 1-2 times. Wrap it in a cool damp towel that has been sterilized with boiling water. Place it on a 30°C thermostat or electric blanket. Germination. (2) When the seeds are sown 50% to 60% in time, they can be sowed in batches in 8 cm (diameter) x 10 cm (high) nutrient bowls in a greenhouse. One seed is sown in each pot and covers 1 cm thick. Fine soil (preferably coke ash). Keep as close as possible between nutrition and nutrition. Then it is covered with mulch and moisturized, and a small shed is added when the temperature is low. In the deployment of nutritious soil when mixed with bactericide fungicides 3000 times, can effectively prevent blight, damping-off and epidemics. (3) Seedling management In order to ensure the emergence of seedlings, it is required that the temperature be maintained at 28-30°C during the night at 18-20°C. Can be covered straw or shade net insulation. In case of continuous rainy weather, conditions can be retrofitted with 500 watt incandescent lamps, warmed every 2 meters. When the seedlings begin to top soil, the mulch film should be scattered in time. After the seedlings are properly cooled, they are kept at 25-28°C during the day and 15-18°C at night, and as much light as possible can be prevented. After the second true leaf is unfolded, spray 200 times the concentration of the farmers brand Miao Fei, 10 days before spraying a thing Spring or Green Fenwei 1, to promote root growth, thick leaves and stems. 3. Base fertilizer should be applied before timely planting and planting, and 1000 kg duck bar fertilizer, 300 kg rapeseed cake and 50 kg compound fertilizer (made in Germany) should be applied per mu. After the whole growth period, the top dressing was foliar spray. When the seedlings reached 4 true leaves, the planting was performed when the temperature was high on sunny mornings. When planting, it is necessary to select a well-developed root system, and the width and thickness of the leaves should be sufficient (especially if the functional leaves are intact). The planting density was increased by 2 times compared with the cultivation of the alfalfa, the plant spacing was 40 cm, the row spacing was 75 cm, and the planting rate was 1500 per mu. After the planting, when the true leaf grows to 4-6 pieces, it will be picked up. After that, 2 3 vines will be left per plant and the rest will be removed. 4. Stereoscopic management should be carried out when vines reach 7?8 true leaves. Insert a bamboo stick (or wooden rod) 2.0 meters long to the outside of each rhizosphere, and build a dragon skeleton similar to a cucumber. In the future, the melon vines are wrapped around the post every 2 days and other side vines are removed in time. When true leaves grow to more than 10 pieces, artificial pollination should be carried out at 7:30 am to 10:00 am for the melon flowers that are to be placed in the morning. Generally choose the 12th place to stay melon. After sitting on the melon, choose a melon with good shape and no scars to focus on the cultivation, and the remaining melons will be removed. When the melons grow to the roof of the sheds, they take care of them so that the nutrients will be supplied to the fruits. When the melon grows to about 500 grams, use nylon cloth (abandonment cloth of the garment factory) to hang melons on melon racks around the handle for a week to prevent melons from falling down. When the first batch of melons has a maturity of 70%, the second batch of melons can be selected for cultivation, and foliar fertilizers can be sprayed in time to supplement the nutrition. The foliar fertilizer can be selected from farmers' special fertilizers such as fruit and vegetable or green Fenwei, all things spring, etc., sprayed once every 10 days, and sprayed 2-3 times. When foliar fertilizer is sprayed, depending on the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, mancozeb, fluocin, virus K, and mixed liquid of small leaf enemy or acrotic acaricide are added as appropriate to prevent disease and insects. 5. Timely harvesting small watermelon rind is easy to crack, too late picking not only affects the commodity of the first batch of melon, but also inhibits the expansion speed of the second batch of melons. Therefore, when the melon maturity reaches 80%, it will be picked. Under normal circumstances, the maturity of small watermelon is 26-28 days. China Agricultural Network Editor