Three films of watermelon pollution-free production technology
1 The selection of production bases has better ecological environment, no pollution source within 1500m, medium soil texture, drought energy and water discharge, and farmland, soil and irrigation water quality meet the criteria of pollution-free watermelon production. 2 Soil preparation and one-time fertilization technology Based on winter plowing, 5-6 tons of high-quality harmless soil-fertilizer is applied per 667 square meters. Before freezing, dig high-yield ditch, deep-flood whole-layer fertilization of watermelon ditch, adopt one-time fertilization method, save time and labor, which will help improve product quality. According to 1.8-2m, dig 40-50cm deep, 1.6m wide, apply 4-5t of quality and harmless pig manure or sheep manure per 667m2, 1-2t of decomposed chicken manure, cake fertilizer (soybean, peanut, cotton cake, etc.) After soaking in the water, put down 0.2-0.5t, diammonium phosphate 40-50kg, ternary compound fertilizer 40-50kg, then mix with the mature soil layer and fill it into the upper part of the high-yield ditch; bottom apply crop stalks (Wheat, corn shredded straw, etc.), 3-4t per 667m2 and bottom soil by a layer of straw a layer of soil into the high yield ditch. After the high-yield ditch is filled in, fill the water along the ditch once, timely cultivating the loose soil, warming the soil, and keeping the plant. 3 Watering Technique Watermelon is poured in water for 3 times in a lifetime, ie, planting water, promoting vines, and expanding water (watering during planting, watering on cloudy days, and not watering on cloudy days; ventilation at low temperatures in the shed to reduce temperature and control Incidence of anthrax). Watering should be based on different growth periods, soil moisture content, weather changes, watermelon growth and other flexibility, that is, no drought, no watering, pouring water when watering, choose the sunny morning in the film, prohibit flood irrigation, both prevention The germs spread by flood irrigation and save water resources. 4 Cultivating management techniques 4.1 Cultivate strong seedlings to select high-quality, disease-resistant, high-yield, and early-maturing varieties; use early-maturing cultivation methods to set nursery seedlings in greenhouses, and strictly treat seeds with 50% carbendazim wettability. Mix powder 0.5kg or mancozeb 0.2kg into nutrient bowl, soak it in warm water of 55°C-60°C for 6-8h, germination sowing, daytime temperature 20°C-30°C, nighttime 10°C-25°C, After 3-5d, the seedlings can emerge. The daytime temperature after emergence is between 20°C and 28°C. Increase the light as much as possible, and pay attention to the management of temperature and humidity. Use the disease-free new soil as the seedbed to fully apply the decomposed livestock manure or human feces. Urine; The criteria for cultivating strong seedlings: thick hypocotyls, short internodes, thick leaves, dark green leaves. 4.2 Optimize the layout of the previous crop Before watermelon, choose blank plots or plots that have not been planted with melons for more than 2 years to reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. 4.3 Rinse mouth arrangement and planting mode One (three-membrane) watermelon seedlings in mid-December, transplanted in mid-February and planted in the second half of April, and listed in the second half of April; the second crop (two-film) watermelon in mid-February, transplanted in mid-March. Colonization, listed in early June. Planting spacing is 1.7m, plant spacing is 0.5m, 900-1000 plants per 667 square meters. 4.4 Straw shed colonization and disease prevention and control A pod (three membranes) watermelon, namely: (1) large arch shed coverage: the choice of non-dust long-life polyethylene film, can reduce the humidity, but also increase air permeability and warmth; (2) Small arch cover: cover film width 1.7-1.8m; (3) Plastic film tile: film width 0.5m, using plastic film anti-worm drive insects to control the occurrence of watermelon virus disease. At the beginning of February, a 1.5-meter-wide bermuda sorghum was made on the basis of an oyster production ditch, so that the watermelon was placed on the back of the beak. During the colonization, it was transplanted and transplanted in the middle of the sorghum sorghum, and the mulch was covered on the guava in the previous week. OK, keep warm. The second (two-film) watermelon is covered by a large arch shed and the mulch is tiled. In mid-March, the planting time was 0.4m away from a row of watermelons (removal of a small greenhouse film). When the seedlings are transplanted and planted, the sick and weak seedlings are removed. After the colonization, the diseased plants are removed in time, and the gardens are destroyed and buried. The lime is disinfected to prevent the spread of diseased seedlings; yellow boards or vents are provided in the sheds. Hanging yellow sticky traps kill aphids and whitefly, mechanical and manual weeding and other technical measures to prevent pests and weeds. 4.5 Strengthen temperature and humidity management Use temperature and humidity conditions to control the occurrence of diseases. After 5-7 days of colonization, the small arch sheds are not ventilated to increase ground temperature to promote seedlings. When the daytime temperature in the shed exceeds 35°C, shading and cooling should be performed for a short time. After easing the seedlings, gradually ventilate, keep the daylight temperature in the shed at 28°C-30°C, and keep it no lower than 15°C-17°C at night; when the minimum temperature is above 15°C, remove the shed film to facilitate ventilation and reduce the humidity in the field. Control the occurrence of diseases. 4.6 Plant Management Rattan retains 1 main vine, 1-2 pairs of vines, and the rest sees it. The vines are all buried deep away from the field to enhance the ventilation and light transmission capabilities and prevent diseases. Before watermelon blossom, evenly spread a layer of high-quality plant ash, 400-500kg per 667 square meters, in order to damp sterilization, increase the temperature, supplement the potash fertilizer, enhance the plant's resistance to pests and diseases. When the second female flower is open, artificial pollination or stocking of bees is conducted in time, and 1-2 boxes per 667 square meters are appropriate. Watermelon sit melon, choose to stay melon-shaped, suitable for the juvenile melon, each one is appropriate to stay, and put on paper bags (with waste newspaper folded into) to prevent the melon, watermelon to duck size remove the paper bag. 4.7 Appropriate use of chemical pesticides Watermelon before and after the occurrence of more pests and diseases, in the clean and clear soil, while adhering to the principle of prevention, comprehensive prevention and control. In the epidemic of diseases and insect pests, 5% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times or 75% chlorothalonil WP 800 times plus 48% Loessben EC 1000-times every 6-7 days for both disease and pest control , can be used continuously 2-3 times. The use of chlorothalonil and other antibacterial agent pesticides was stopped 20-25 days before the harvest of watermelons; 10 days before the harvest of watermelons, any insecticide-based pesticides were stopped. When a watermelon (three-membrane) is close to the ripening stage, and a serious damage is caused to the watermelon pests and diseases on the second crop (two membranes), cover the mulch on the mulch (that is, the thin film on the original shed), and then apply the medicine after the first mulching to fight the pesticide. The methods of chemical filming and filming shall be used for chemical control. The types of drugs used for fighting drugs shall be biological pesticides with low toxicity, high efficiency, broad spectrum of insecticidal and disease-resistance, and contact toxicity, such as the prevention and control of 48% of Lactose EC 1000 times. The second membrane management technology is the same as the three membranes. 5 Harvest watermelon fruit usually about 25-28 days, that is, nine mature to harvest in advance, when harvesting bring a piece of melon quails with at least two fresh leaves, soaked with water after harvesting 1-2min, wash the melon body The soil is then stored in shaded ventilated shading areas for 2-3 days before being put on the market. This will not only facilitate graded sales, but also be beneficial to the further elimination of pesticide residues contaminated by watermelons, as well as to facilitate the competition for land, nutrient consumption, and management of watermelons in the second crop. One (three membranes) watermelon with the harvest, with the pull out of the earthworms, will be out of the garden with the Gualou, to prevent the transfer of pests and diseases damage the second crop (second film) watermelon, to promote the second crop (two membrane) watermelon robust growth. 6 Benefits The township of watermelon in Mengsi Town, Wenshang County, has developed a pollution-free three-film watermelon production area of ​​850 hectares. In general, every 667 square meters of water (three membranes) watermelon production 4000kg, two water chestnut (two membrane) watermelon production 3200kg, the output value of 8000-12,000 yuan, significantly more than the traditional way of planting income increase, the product has been favored by the majority of consumers, there In a situation where demand exceeds supply, products are sold in more than a dozen large and medium-sized cities in China.