High-yielding cultivation techniques of rapeseed sowing
With the shift of rural labor force, the provincial government, cost-saving, and efficient rapeseed-free cultivation of live light-weight cultivation techniques have become more popular among farmers. They have been promoted in our country and have been expanding year by year. After several years of promotion, it has been shown that the application of this technology can save 60-80 yuan in the cost of live acre after ploughing, while the yield per unit of production and ploughing increase slightly or remain unchanged. At the same time, no-tillage prevented the loss of water, soil, and fertilizer and improved soil conservation. It also sowed 2 to 4 days earlier than tilling, which not only eased the contradiction between labor, animal power, and mechanical tension, but also achieved the season when it was not mistaken for farming. According to many years of practice, the technology is now summarized as follows: First, open a good three-channel, drainage and irrigation unobstructed "an oil and a rice" is the main way of farming in our land. The use of rapeseed no-tillage broadcast technology, when harvesting single-season rice, requires the rice straw to harvest, can not remain high piles. Immediately after Closing, Sangou (Gousougou, Yaogou, Weigou) is opened, the width of lotus root is 1.5m, the width of ditches is 20cm, and the depth of ditches is 15cm; the width of ditches is 20cm, the depth of ditches is 18cm; the width of ditches is 20cm, and the depth of ditches 21cm. Grate the gully and spread it evenly over the surface so that the surface is smooth and smooth. Second, the selection of varieties is generally selected in the local Huaza 4, No. 14, Zhongyou 119, Zhejiang Oil 758 and other high-quality high-yield rapeseed varieties. Third, timely and appropriate sowing seeding requirements for timely sowing, my general sowing date is from mid-September to early October. The sowing rate depends on the seed germination rate and the soil moisture level, generally 0.15--0.25 kg per mu is appropriate. When artificially sowing, it is possible to bring the scales down to the field, and to sow the seeds quantitatively. Generally, the seeds are mixed with a little fine sand, then sowing, sowing the first 2/3 of the amount, and then using the remaining 1/3 to make up, and strive to uniform throughout the field. If the soil moisture is poor, drought should be promptly applied after sowing so as to ensure that all seedlings are broadcast. Fourth, early seedlings, reasonable dense planting combined with cultivation fertilizer and morning, Dingmiao. The seedlings are generally seeded at the 2--3 leaf stage and set at the 4--5 leaf stage. After setting seedlings, generally 18--22 strains per square meter are reserved, and 10,000-1.2 million strains per mu are appropriate. 5. Many times of cultivating, cultivating soil and hoeing the roots, because the no-tillage direct seed oil rape has not been ploughed, the soil is compacted and there are many weeds, and at the same time it is unfavorable for the roots to tie down. Therefore, it must be 2-3 times deep in the seedling stage, combined with cultivator for soil cultivation. Roots, eliminate weeds, loosen the soil, promote the roots under the bar, to prevent late lodging. Sixth, science and fertilizer research and cultivation of non-ploughing seedlings The principle of fertilization for direct seeding is “a full and complete base fertilizer, dressing is early and light, wax fertilizer with phosphorus and potassium, heavy fertilizer and stable fertilizer, while attaching importance to the application of boron fertilizer. 500--750kg, 25kg of superphosphate, 10kg of urea, 10kg of potassium chloride are used for spreading, lightly lifting the young seedlings, combining inter and fixed seedlings (3- to 5-leaf stage), 250--500kg of animal and livestock fertilizers for 3kg Urea and 0.15kg borax are poured in. In the mid-December, wax-fertilizers are mainly warm semi-rotten pigs, cattle barn dung and grass ash, covering the seedling surface and applying seedlings. Nearby, in order to promote root growth, enhance resistance and ensure strong seedlings to overwinter, apply a manure after the spring, and generally apply 500--750kg of animal and livestock fertilizer plus 2kg of urea and 0.2kg of boron fertilizer to water the plant. During the flowering stage, the leaves were sprayed with 2 times of fertilizer, and 0.15kg of boron fertilizer and 0.2kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate were used for foliar spraying per mu, with particular emphasis on the current market that the amount of counterfeit boron fertilizer was more, and farmers should be cautious when buying. , in order to avoid being deceived.. 7, do a good job of chemical weeding after the three ditch open, mu with 41% of the agricultural agent 200--300ml water 50 Evenly spray kg, directly sowing after 2 to 3 days after the application, immediately after sowing, the plots sown immediately after the planting, according to the grass condition, the herbicides on the road can be reasonably selected, and rapeseed fields mainly composed of weeds can be used. 8% High-efficiency Lamstrens Emulsion 20--30ml Water 50kg, sprayed in weeds 3- to 5-leaf stage; Broad-leaved weed-based, Mugh high-cong 25--30ml Water 50kg, in canola 6-8 leaf stage spray control; Gramine weeds, broad-leaved weeds mixed can be used 17.5% fast knife emulsifiable concentrate 100--140ml water 40kg, in the weeds 2--4 leaf phase spray control. Drought and stain prevention, prevention and treatment of disease and insect pests in case of autumn and winter drought, the general irrigation 1--2 times.At the same time insist on doing a good job before the rain.Embroidered soil to protect the roots, clear the ditch after the rain, flood control and reduce moisture in the field. The density of transplanting rapeseed is higher than that of seedling transplanting, and it is generally during the peak of convulsions to do yellow-leaf and foot-leaf work in order to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and reduce pests and diseases. Chemical control, etc. Sprouts and nucleus diseases are mainly controlled during the flowering period, and can be sprayed with 35% sclerotium light 75--100g or 25% at the early flowering stage and full flowering stage to make 100g EC 30m l spray water 50kg, can also be used sclerotin net, carbendazim and other agents to prevent and control.