Health care or healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings. Healthcare is delivered by health professionals (providers or practitioners) in allied health fields. Physicians and physician associates are a part of these health professionals. Dentistry, midwifery, nursing, medicine, optometry, audiology, pharmacy, psychology, occupational therapy, physical therapy and other health professions are all part of healthcare. It includes work done in providing primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care, as well as in public health.
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First, we must implement the principle of "prevention-oriented, prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention, and scientific prevention." Grape planting enterprises and farmers must establish this concept in their guiding ideology for pest control. The focus of pest control should be first placed on the word “defense,†and prevention should be emphasized. At present, some growers neglect their prevention and wait until the occurrence of pests and diseases. This will not only make it difficult to suppress the development of diseases and insect pests, but also increase the cost of medication. Implementing the principle of “giving priority to prevention, prevention and treatment, comprehensive prevention and control, and scientific prevention and controlâ€, in the ordinary production process, preventive measures such as seedling disinfection, soil disinfection, and disinfection in clean gardens must be implemented, and the key prevention period must be implemented. You must use good medicine.
Second, we must correctly identify pests and diseases, choose drugs for symptomatic treatment. Correctly identifying pests and diseases is the precondition for the effective prevention and control of pests and diseases. Only correct identification of pests and diseases can make the prevention and treatment work targeted. Some grape-growing companies and peasant households, due to lack of knowledge of pests and diseases, are not sure about the pests and diseases, and often misunderstand them, and therefore blindly use drugs. This not only increases the cost of prevention and control, but also delays the timing of prevention and control, and affects production and losses. Therefore, correct identification of pests and diseases, symptomatic drug selection is to save the cost of prevention and control and improve the effectiveness of the important part.
Third, we must select prospective pesticides, pay attention to the quality of pesticides. At present, the agricultural product market is relatively confusing. Various kinds of grape special fungicide are flooding the market. Some pesticide components have not changed much. Only changing a new name has become a new pesticide species and even inferior pesticide. Therefore, the quality of pesticides has become an important issue in saving control costs and improving control efficiency. When purchasing pesticides, it must be purchased through formal channels. Do not simply look at its drug names and promotional content. What is more important is to see if the “three certificates†are complete and what their effective ingredients are and what their content is. Understand its mechanism of action and use. When choosing drugs, be sure to pay attention to the common names of pesticides. Don't be confused by a variety of product names. Beware of counterfeiting. Do not purchase and use pesticides with unclear labels, incomplete identification numbers, and no generic Chinese names. In addition, when choosing a drug, it is best to choose a combination of pesticides to achieve a multi-drug effect.
Fourth, we must grasp the key period of timely application according to the occurrence of pests and diseases and climate characteristics. In the critical period of timely application, timely medication can play a multiplier effect in the prevention and control. The prevention and control effect has been improved, and the cost of prevention and treatment has also been reduced. The critical period of prevention and treatment includes the use of drugs in both the critical period and the critical period of treatment. The key period of prevention is to properly use protective agents according to the occurrence and occurrence of diseases and pests and climate characteristics. The critical period of treatment, that is, in the early stages of disease, we should use symptomatic and good management agents as early as possible.
Fifth, we must pay attention to science and use pesticides reasonably and safely. Failure to apply pesticides in accordance with scientific requirements can neither improve control efficiency nor reduce control costs. In the middle, we must pay attention to the following four aspects: (1) Rational drug distribution and avoid indiscriminate mixing. If you can solve problems with a single dose, do not mix them. This is safe and saves costs. It is indeed necessary to use more than two kinds of pharmaceuticals for compounding and application in order to solve the problem before the compounding application is performed. However, it is necessary to clarify the characteristics of the compound used in the compounding and to find out whether it can be mixed and used, and whether compounding will produce side effects. Do not mix freely and cause unnecessary losses. (2) Alternate application of pesticides. Long-term use of a certain kind of pesticide, pests will produce resistance to this pesticide, in order to improve the control effect, reduce the cost of prevention and treatment, producers should change the use of pesticides every year. At present, some producers feel that their use of certain drugs for many years in the production process is more effective in preventing and controlling certain diseases and insect pests. Therefore, they do not change the pharmaceuticals for many years. This situation should change. Alternating the use of pesticides can not only effectively prevent pests from producing drug resistance, and ensure the control effect of pesticides, but also help reduce the excessive residues of certain pesticides in the plants and help improve the safety of the fruits. (3) Select the appropriate concentration. According to the pharmaceutical instructions and mature experience, choose the appropriate concentration of application. If the concentration is too low, the control effect will not be obtained and the insecticide resistance will be easily induced. If the concentration is too high, it will easily produce phytotoxicity, and it will also increase the environmental pollution and the unsafe nature of the fruit. The selected concentration can be appropriately adjusted according to the pharmaceutical instructions and experience, depending on the degree of occurrence of pests, number of uses, and weather conditions. (4) Pay attention to drug application skills. When spraying, the spray hole should be suitable, the pressure should be greater, the atomization effect should be better, the spray should be even and thoughtful, not heavy spray, no leakage spray, spray volume is moderate. At the same time, we must pay attention to temperature, humidity, light, wind, rain and other environmental conditions on the impact of pesticide application.
Grape pests and diseases precautions
With the development of the grape growing industry, grape diseases and insect pests are also on the rise. Not only do the diseases increase, but also the degree of disease and the incidence frequency become more serious, and the cost of preventing and controlling grape diseases and insect pests also greatly increases. How can grape disease and insect pest control be less costly and cost-effective, and at the same time achieve a better control effect? In the production process, we should focus on the following aspects: