Yam cellar garden cultivation technology

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The yam cellar cultivation is particularly suitable for areas where there is little land and the economic development of the courtyard is being developed. The use of this method to grow yams has the advantages of high yield, good quality, high efficiency, time-saving and labor-saving, easy management, and easy harvesting. Once the investment can be multiple benefits (you can harvest 2-3 years) and other advantages. After comparison, the yield of yam (per equivalent) per 667 m2 cultivated using this method was 6000 kg, while the yield of yam per 667 m2 was 4,000 kg in the conventional way. The use of idle land and scattered plots in rural areas has improved economic efficiency, increased farmers' income, and has important promotion and utilization value. First, build cellar technology 1. Select the floor to build pits. Choose a plot with flat terrain, high dryness, low groundwater level and easy drainage, or a ventilated sunny location in the courtyard. First dig north-south on the ground, 1.0-1.2m wide, 1.3-1.5m deep pit, the length is generally about 20m, but also can be determined by the specific circumstances, each pit interval 1.5m. After digging the pit, a cement beam with a length of 1.5-1.7m and a width of about 80cm is placed every 0.6-0.8m from the east to the west of the pit, and a prefabricated concrete fence is placed on the beam, and the direction is perpendicular to the cement beam. The fence is level with the ground, with a width of 0.5m and a length of 1.2-1.6m. The gap between the fences is 3cm. Lay out on the fence - layers of wheat straw or other crop stalks to prevent the crushed soil from falling into the pit. Leave a 50cm50cm square entrance at the top of the pit for harvesting and harvesting medicinal herbs. Before sowing, the entrances and exits are covered with cement boards and sealed with soil to keep the pits dark. 2. Filling the pit. After digging the pit, mix the decomposed organic manure with the fertile pastoral soil free of pathogenic bacteria in a ratio of 1:4. Mix 150-210 g of potassium sulfate, 150 g of diammonium phosphate, 60-100 g of urea, and 50 g of soil per cubic meter of soil. % carbendazim powder 100g, formulated as nutrient soil. The well-mixed nutritious soil is evenly laid on the cell surface with a thickness of 25-30 cm. After the cellar is built, dig drains around. Second, before sowing treatment points 1. Suitable varieties. High-yield, disease-resistant, long-barreled yam cultivars with excellent shape and epidermis characteristics are used, and their tuber length is more than 1m. Commonly used varieties are fine long hair yam, Jiaxiang long yam, Pei County yam. 2. Strict selection. The seed potatoes are required to have bright color, full top buds, thick tubers, rare tumors, few roots, no pests, no rot, no frost, and about 150 g in quality. The sowing of yam seeds requires a diameter of more than 3cm and a length of 15-20cm. 3. Soybeans promote buds. In order to promote the germination of seed potatoes and prevent decay after sowing, potatoes should be sun-dried before sowing. Put the seed potatoes in the sun, and turn it 1-2 times a day to make it heated evenly. After drying, the epidermis of the seed potato was gray-green with many protrusions. The cut wounds shrank inwards and split from the middle of the cut surface. The yam plant with buds at the top of the shoot should be dried for 7-10 days, and the yam section should be dried for 15-20 days. Third, the appropriate period of sowing in the end of March - early April, 10cm when the ground temperature stabilized at 12 °C above, in the cellar surface along the direction of cell length. Large row spacing is 50cm, small row spacing is 30cm, plant spacing is 20-25cm, each cellar is generally planted with 4 rows of yam, with large row spacing in the middle and small row spacing on both sides. When planting, first open 8cm deep ditch, and lay the seed potato in the ditch in the direction of the ditch. After the soil is covered, level and step on the solid. In the 20m long cellar, about 300 yam can be grown. Fourth, post-emergence management 1. Manual scaffolding. Before emergence, take a double-line "person" frame on the small bank. The density of yam grown in the cellar type is relatively large. For increased lighting, the scaffolding is higher, generally 1.3-1.5m. The scaffolding must be firm to prevent it from being blown by the wind. 2. Watering fertilizer. There is no need for watering in normal years, watering in severe droughts. Rainy days will rule out the accumulation of water in the field to prevent rainwater from entering the pit and pits. During the seedling stage, no fertilizer is applied. When the stalk stalks grow full in late June, 10 kg of urea or 30 kg of ammonium bicarbonate is applied per 667 square meters to promote the growth of stems and leaves in the middle and late July. According to the growth of yam, the application of urea is 10 kg per 667 square meters. Ammonium bicarbonate 30kg to raise the roots to protect the leaves. Tuber growth period, combined with disease prevention and pest control, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2-3 times to prevent premature aging stems and leaves. 3. Disease prevention and pest control. The diseases of yam mainly include anthrax, leaf spot, stalk rot and root knot nematode disease. The control of anthracnose and leaf spot can be done with 70% mancozeb 600 times solution, 80% anthrax with 500 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution to prevent root rot, and control root knot nematode disease. Use 30% captan, 1kg per 667m2, disinfect the soil before sowing. Insect pests mainly include beet leaf beetle and dung beetle, etc. The control leaf beet was sprayed with 90% trichlorfon by 1000 times, and the prevention and control of the dung beetle was irrigated with 800 times of phoxim. V. Harvest Storage 1. Harvest in time. In the middle and late October, shoots were harvested when the shoots and leaves of the shoots gradually withered. At the time of harvest, the cellar door is opened, ventilated, and then enters the cellar. The yam tuber is broken off from the cement barrier 3-5 and then opened to open the cell door to reduce the temperature in the cellar, promote healing of tuber wounds, and prevent rot. 2. Storage and sales. Cellar storage or indoor storage can be used. The specific method is to select the yam without decay, no mechanical damage, and meet the standards, and immediately pack it with clay, and discharge it layer by layer in the cellar or indoor of heat preservation and sterilizing, which can be maintained for more than 3 months. According to the market price and sales situation, they will be listed in batches and in stages, and the market will be balanced. VI. Post-Harvest Management Technology 1. Cellar antifreeze. After the winter, close the cellar door to prevent cold air from entering the cellar. At the same time, the surface of the cellar should be covered with wheat straw or other crop stalks to prevent freezing of yam plants. 2. The second year management technology. In the spring of the second year, before the budding of yam sprouts, apply 5-10 kg of organic manure, 50 g of potassium sulfate, and 50 g of diammonium phosphate to every square meter of cellar surface between rows. The subsequent management is the same as the previous year. Two years later, the nutrient soil and seed potatoes are replaced and the cultivation is continued.

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