Pear Tree Anniversary Pollution Management Technology

Pear, China has a long history of cultivation, and there are no more than a thousand varieties of cultivars. Western pear is native to Europe, and the basic native species is only one type of western pear. Pear trees have a characteristic that most varieties of different varieties can be fertilized in order to produce high yields. Therefore, several different varieties of pears should be planted in the orchard as pollination trees. The annual production period of pears is from July to October.

Common diseases of pear trees

First, pear tree rot disease: mainly damage the bark of the main branches and side branches, causing decay. There are two types of symptoms: ulcer type and stick type. In severe cases, a large number of dead branches appear until death.

Control measures: It is necessary to strengthen the management of orchard, control the amount of fruit set, improve the disease resistance of the tree, and breed resistant varieties. Timely cut off the diseased branches, cure the disease, concentrate on burning, and apply the tree protection general 100 times liquid or Fumei arsenic wettable powder 30 to 60 times. Before the germination of the pear tree, spray 40% Fumei arsenic wettable powder 100 times or Baume 5 degree stone sulfur mixture.

Second, pear black spot disease: the disease is a common occurrence of pear trees, mainly harming fruits, leaves and new shoots. Leaf spots begin to appear at an average temperature of 13 ° C to 15 ° C, with the most severe incidence from May to June. The fruit generally begins to develop in early May, cracking and falling off in mid-June, and the most fruit drop in late July.

Control measures: Strengthen cultivation management, increase application of organic fertilizer, and avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. Combined with winter pruning, the dead branches, fallen leaves and diseased fruits in the garden are removed and buried deeply. Before the germination of the tree in the seriously ill garden, spray a new high-fat film 800 times liquid and add 5Be stone sulphur mixture mixture. After the flower is dropped, spray 200 times the lime volume of Bordeaux mixture, or the new high-fat film 800 times solution, and the sterilized WP 600. Up to 800 times the solution. The above-mentioned agent can be used alternately with Bordeaux mixture to improve the control effect and reduce the cost.

Third, pear star caterpillar: is the main leaf-eating pest of pear tree, larvae damage flower buds, flower buds, leaves, can occur twice a year, generally 3 to 4 months and August to September each control. When the wintering larvae emerge from the pupa, it is suitable for control, that is, the flower buds of the pear tree are white to inflorescence separation period.

Commonly used agents are: 50% parathion emulsion 1500 times solution, 50% phoxim emulsion 1000 times solution, 50% chlorpyrifos emulsion 1000 times solution, 50% malathion emulsion 1000 times solution, 50% dichlorvos emulsion 1000 Double solution and 20% methrin emulsion 3000 times solution.

Fourth, pear real peak (commonly known as flower drill, white worm): only harm pear tree. Adults lay eggs in the calyx, and the larvae initially circulate in the base of the calyx. After the blackened part becomes dark, they break into the heart, causing the young fruit to dry out. Before the fruit falls, the larva crawls out and turns to other young fruits. The worm produces a generation a year, and the old larvae do the wintering in the soil. Adults emerge from the end of April to early May, and lay eggs. The spawning period is when the inflorescence of the pear tree is separated until the petals are contained. The larvae in the middle and late May are harmful.

Control measures: You can use the adult's suspended animation, take the cloth under the canopy, shake off the adult to kill, or manually remove the ovulette and the young fruit during the spawning period. 10 to 15 days before the pear flower, when the adult is emerged, the ground spray is carried out with 25% parathion 300 times solution, 25% phoxim 300 times solution or 40.7% lesbian emulsifiable concentrate 600 times, focusing on the trunk. The week is within 1 meter.

Pear tree monthly management technical points

November to March

1. Sweeping the leaves: In November, the whole garden was cleaned, and the leaves, pests, and dead branches were cleaned and burned.

2, frozen water: in the first half of November, before the freezing, filling, through.

3. Winter pruning: December to February. After the saplings are determined according to the planting density, the trees are shaped according to the shape. Under the premise of maintaining a good tree shape and maintaining a robust tree, the use of auxiliary branches to slowly release flowers into flowers to achieve early yield. The result tree should be carefully trimmed, and retracted and rejuvenated in time to achieve rich and stable production under the premise of maintaining the strength of the whole tree.

4, scraping the bark: after the winter cut, shaving the trunk, the old main skin of the main branch. If there is rot disease, apply scraping tree general 1000 times liquid or Fumei arsenic 40 times liquid.

5. Soil management: In the middle of March, the water and soil conservation facilities will be renovated, and the orchard will be repaired.

6. Topdressing and watering: The annual fertilization amount of pear trees can be calculated according to the average annual output. The pure nitrogen is about 200-250 grams per 50 kilograms of fruit, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.4:1. In the autumn of last year, the base fertilizer has been applied for 2/3 of the annual fertilizer application. For the end of the application of base fertilizer or the application of the base fertilizer mixed with phosphate fertilizer tree, this year the annual phosphate fertilizer will be applied once. After fertilization, watering, and then cultivating and protecting.

7. Spraying: The whole garden is sprayed with a stone sulphur mixture, and the orchard with serious damage to the heartworm is paying attention to the spraying prevention during the germination.

April

1. Irrigation and anti-freeze damage. The orchard, which is prone to frost during the flowering period of pear trees, is irrigated once in the near flowering period to delay flowering and avoid frost damage.

2. Spraying. When the flower buds of pear trees sprout, 1000 times of 1605 plus 2000 times of omethoate 20% speed killing 4000 times, or 25% of deltamethrin 5,000 times, respectively, control pear dip bud, pear big, star caterpillar, pear wood Hey, etc.

3, cut off the pear stem bees as a damage. 4. In the first half of April, when planting and cultivating young trees, they should be planted and budded.

5. Dry land orchards are covered with straw.

6. Artificial pollination should be carried out when the pollination tree is insufficient or the climate is poor during flowering. In the case of a flower, the rate of fruiting can be up to 80% within 3 days after flowering. Generally, the initial stage of flowering (25% flowering) is transferred to a large area, and the pollination work is completed within 3-4 days. 6 days to sweep the tail, and teach the flowers that bloom late.

7. Spraying boron during flowering increases the fruit setting rate.

May

1. Spraying. Pear Xiehua spray 3000 times gram 螨 2000 2000 times speed to kill butyl or 1500 times 1605 plus 800 times sulphur sulphur phosphorus plus 1500 times Lego, to prevent pests such as pear hibiscus, pear mites.

2. Combine the spraying of 0.3% urea to promote growth.

3. Continue to prevent the pear from being big, remove the pear fruit, and remove the fruit falling from the tree under the tree.

4, thin fruit. When the load per plant is too large, the fruits and vegetables are taken, and the fruits and vegetables are taken off in the young fruit, and the flowers are not removed after the physiological fruit drop. For the preserved fruit, the large fruit leaves 1-2 (mainly 1), and the small fruit leaves 2-3. Fruits and vegetables can refer to the indicator of fruit or leaf-to-fruit ratio of the variety, and increase or decrease according to the situation of the tree.

5, topdressing irrigation. In late May, 1/3-2/3 of the nitrogen fertilizer used for the whole year was applied. If there is grass ash, it should be applied separately from nitrogen fertilizer. Filling, loosening, weeding after topdressing. From the end of May, foliar sprayed 0.3% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 15 days, for 3 consecutive times, can also be combined with spraying.

June to August

1, spraying: before the wheat harvest for disease prevention and red spider can spray multiple Bordeaux liquid plus Nisolang 2000 times liquid, such as other pests seriously spray carbendazim 600 times plus insecticide. After the wheat harvest, it is decided whether to fight drugs according to the insect condition.

2, weeding cover: in the rainy season, the tree can be cut off, covered in the ground.

3, spraying: in late July to prevent disease and red spiders, pear garden can spray lime multi-type Bordeaux mixture plus Nisolang 2000 times, to prevent disease and pear small heartworm, pear garden can spray 800 times 50% Detoxification plus 3000 times the enemy killed. In mid-August, it sprayed 1500 times of fluid and added 2000 times of turmeric milk. In late August, it was sprayed once again with 1000 times of phoxim or chlorpyrifos, focusing on fruit-spraying, and preventing pears.

4, tied grass attracting insects: in the middle and late August, tied the straw in the upper part of the trunk to trap the pear small heartworm, the grass will be destroyed and burned before the leaves.

September to October

1. Harvest: From the end of August, the fruits will mature and begin to harvest.

2, the application of fertilizer: after harvesting to the leaves before the application. Apply 1-2 kg of organic fertilizer per kilogram of fruit, add 1 kg of superphosphate per 50 kg of organic fertilizer. When chicken manure is applied, the amount can be reduced. Watering after application.

3. Continue to cure the rot disease, and apply the nurse general 1000 times liquid after scraping.

Simple storage method of pear

When the pears reach maturity, they should be picked at the right time. Otherwise, fruit, rotten fruit and cracked fruit will result in a bumper harvest. However, after picking, it can not be sold for a while, and there is no fixed warehouse for storage. This way, the method of simple storage can be adopted, which can not only extend the time to be sold, but also achieve the effect of preserving and increasing value. Several simple storage methods for pears are now introduced. First, the soil storage method. Choose a place where the groundwater level is low, the ventilation is good, and the drainage is smooth. Generally, it is about 1 meter deep, 2.4 meters wide and 4-6 meters long (depending on the amount of storage and the length of the place). The soil is stored on both sides, leaving a 40 cm wide walkway in the middle. Air passage), covered with wind reeds with reeds or grasshoppers. Second, the box storage method. In the indoors of the ventilated sun, use plastic crates or wooden boxes to store the fruit, and stratify the code racks. The bottom of each layer should be covered with wooden strips to avoid crushing the fruit. Generally, it can be stacked in 4 layers, the indoor temperature should be controlled at 4-8 °C, and the relative humidity should be kept at 60-80%. If the room is dry, place a water tank, basin, or spray a spray of water to the fruit or ground. Third, the sand storage method. Put a layer of wet sand on the ground, put a layer of fruit on it, and then spread a layer of sand, so repeatedly placed, usually placed 40 cm high. Then cover with plastic film to avoid water loss and deterioration. Fourth, plastic film bag storage method. Choose a high-quality plastic film bag with excellent texture, put the pear or apple into the bag, then tie it and place it in the airy and sunny room. The temperature is controlled at 4-8 °C. The fruit bag should be placed vertically. Place to avoid squeezing damaged fruit. Five, brick pool storage method. Use bricks to build a long brick pool 50 cm high, 1 m wide and 2-3 m long (depending on the indoor space), and then place the fruits layer by layer. Generally, the height can be placed in the pool. Do not exceed 40 cm. In the initial stage of storage, you can cover the pool mouth with straw or thick paper, but do not cover it too tightly, let it emit hot air in the pool. As the weather temperature decreases, the pool mouth should be gradually closed, and the temperature in the pool should be controlled at 4-8 °C. Check every 8-10 days to remove the rotten fruit. Try to avoid the adverse effects of cold wind, smoke and high temperature. Regardless of which of the above methods is used for storage, it is first necessary to do a good job in pre-harvest picking quality and disinfection of pears and apples. Only in this way can the storage and preservation value increase be achieved.

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