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Distinction and Prevention of Two Kinds of Apple Leaf Diseases
Apple lobular disease is mostly believed to be due to physiological diseases caused by insufficient zinc content in the tree. Unreasonable pruning measures such as improper branching and heavy girdling can also cause lobular disease. In the production, careful observation should be used in combination with practical observations to take effective measures for classifying prevention and control. (I) Classification of two types of lobular diseases (1) Same point: After the occurrence of lobular disease, the symptoms are basically the same. The main manifestations are: the diseased branches grow late in spring, the growth stagnates after the leaves are drawn, the leaves are narrow, and the leaf margins are rolled upwards. It is thick and brittle, with yellowish green leaves, short internodes and clusters of leaves. (2) Different points: The lobular disease caused by zinc deficiency in the tree is mainly due to the lack of zinc in the soil, or the zinc salt in the soil cannot be converted or used, or the imbalance between the elements is caused. If the soil is not modified and the corresponding zinc is added, it is very different. Difficult to recover. An orchard's fertilization scheme is basically the same as the amount of fertilizer. When Zn deficiency occurs, lobular disease manifests itself in one area or one area. It is not a single plant, but the degree of severity of symptoms varies, and often shows an area of ​​overweight and lightness. Excessive types, some from low to high with the terrain, and some from soil moisture to fat, and some with as much as possible water supply conditions, and lobular branches often do not have long leaves behind the band. Unreasonable pruning leads to lobular disease. First, when the winter shears are too thin or cut too much, there are mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-mouth injuries, etc., which seriously impairs the growth potential of the central stem or the stem, causing changes in physiological function. Causes leaflets. According to the survey, when the kerf diameter is larger than the diameter of the main branch or the main branch, the incidence of the tree is 11.3%, the incidence of the large part of the oral injury above the 23.7%, and the incidence of the same side of the joint more than the scar 15.4%. The second is that when the shearing is too wide during the summer cut, the protection of the excision is not enough, or the water in the tree is insufficient during the girdling, it is the poor healing of the excision, which results in the obstruction of the growth of the parts above the excision, metabolic disorders, and lobular disease. The girdling width of fruit trees in drylands is too large, and most of them have lobular diseases. The biggest difference between this type of lobular disease and zinc deficiency lobular disease is that symptoms appear on individual plants or on individual stems, and 2-3 well-emerging shoots can be created in the area below the large saw or excision mouth. Most of the buds germinate, but it is difficult to germinate at the back of the branches of zinc-deficient lobulose plants. (b) Take preventive and control measures respectively (1) Leaf disease caused by zinc deficiency, mainly through soil improvement and zinc fertilizer supplementation. The main measures are: 1 increase organic fertilizer, improve soil, strengthen soil and water conservation. 2 Combined with spring and autumn fertilization, supplement zinc sulfate. In early spring, the tree body is sprayed with 3% zinc sulfate and 3% urea solution on the main stem and main branch before germination, spraying 1% zinc sulfate when the flower buds are red, effective in the year; 0.5-1 kilograms of mature tree plants in autumn. Zinc sulfate. For alkaline soils, the underground bottle absorption method is used, ie selecting the different orientations of the tree, excavating a root with a diameter of 0.3-0.4 cm, cutting into a bottle containing about 0.5 kg of 0.3-0.5% zinc sulfate solution, and burying Underground, three trees per plant can be buried. (2) Prevention and treatment of lobular diseases caused by unreasonable pruning mainly include the following measures: (1) Correctly select the excision saws, avoid mouth-to-mouth injuries, link wounds, and remove excessively thick branches. Excessive branches can be removed by the method of leaving piles or dumplings, depending on the thickness of 2-3 years to remove, and apply 3% of zinc sulfate solution on the cut saw mouth and then take wound protection measures. 2 When pruning the trees that have caused lobular disease due to improper trimming, use light scissors as the main method. Four seasons combined pruning method is adopted to slowly put twigs of lobular disease, which can not be shortened, and comprehensive management is strengthened. After the 2-3 years of branches return to normal, the pruning can be performed according to conventional methods, and the strong twigs that sprout from the rear can also be used for updating. . 3 For the trees that have been heavily exfoliated and those whose skins have not been healed well, they must be bridged between them. Prior to bridging, the poorly-sealed skin was tightly sealed with a plastic film. 4 It is necessary to strictly control the load of the tree and maintain a robust tree vigor. (Shaanxi County, Yongshou County, Shaanxi Province Guoguo Bureau of Forestry