Identification and Prevention of Physiological Diseases of Deep Winter Eggplant in Solar Greenhouse

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The cultivation of deep winter eggplant in solar greenhouses requires high technical requirements. The regulation of temperature, light, water, gas and fertilizer must be reasonable. It is in line with the growth and development requirements of eggplant. Otherwise, it is prone to diseases and insect pests, especially physiological diseases, and some physiological diseases. It is not easy to identify, slow to ease, if not properly identified to prevent and control, will affect the normal growth of plants, thereby reducing the yield, and now exposes the common physiological disease symptoms, causes and prevention methods of greenhouse cultivation in the deep winter. First, the roots of sorghum occur mainly during the seedling stage, and the adult stage also occurs. The roots did not grow new roots at the time of onset. The root bark was brownish brown, with water-stained decay, and the upper part of the ground was wilting and easy to pull up. The main reason is that the room temperature is low, the humidity is high, and the light is insufficient, resulting in a small root pressure and poor water absorption. Control methods: (1) Do not pour water at seedling stage and at low room temperature, and it is best to use a submerged film under the form of dark irrigation with small water. Listen to the weather forecast and choose sunny water in the morning to ensure that there are sunny days after pouring. (2) Strengthen the hardening of seedlings, pay attention to ventilation, as long as the temperature is appropriate, even the cloudy days have to let go of wind, nurturing strong seedlings, and promote root growth. (3) On time, it is necessary to uncover the grasshopper, and on cloudy days, it is necessary to uncover it in time to make full use of scattered light. Second, the deformed fruit Stale fruit, also known as stone fruit, is a unisexual and strong deformed fruit, a small fruit, peel white, and some surface uplift, hard flesh, poor palatability. The main reason for its formation is the low temperature, high temperature and continuous snow days before and after flowering. The lack of light causes poor pollen development and affects pollination and fertilization. In addition, the flower bud differentiation period, the temperature is too low, too much fertilizer, excessive watering, so that the growth point of excessive nutrition, flower buds, excess nutrients, cell division is too strong, it will cause more carpels of the deformed fruit, the double eggplant. During the fruit growing process, it is too dry and suddenly watered, causing the skin to grow faster than the flesh and cause fruit cracking. Control methods (1) Strengthen the temperature control, maintain 25-30 °C and appropriate temperature during flower bud differentiation and flowering, the maximum can not exceed 35 °C. (2) Strengthen fertilizer and water management, timely watering and fertilizing, but do not over-fertilize and over-water. Third, there are many reasons for falling flowers. Physiological flowering falls in two situations: first, flower bud differentiation, lack of fertilizer, high night temperature, small temperature difference between day and night, drought or excessive water, poor flower quality caused by insufficient sunshine, and short flowering. More flowers. The second is in the flowering period, the lack of light, the night temperature is high, temperature and temperature control ups and downs, fertilizer and water shortage or large water and large fertilizers cause a large number of flowers off. Prevention and control methods (1) Cultivate strong strains, strengthen the control of temperature and humidity, and timely apply fertilizer to water. Be careful not to warm up in the solar greenhouse, otherwise it will make the night temperature high and take a lot of shedding. (2) In the period when the eggplant buds are still to be opened, use a 2,4-D auxin (20-30) X10-6 to apply the stylus. When the temperature is low, use 30X10-6. When the temperature is high, use 20X10- 6, and any smeared flowers can not be re-applied, it can be added in the flower liquid advertising color for marking. IV. Harmful damage 1. Harmful harm due to excessive application of farmyard manure or excessive application of urea, ammonium bicarbonate and other volatile nitrogen fertilizers to cause ammonia gas accumulation, or near to the root system when nitrogen fertilizer is applied. The concentration of soil around the roots is high. The eggplant cannot absorb water and become poisoned. When the seedlings are damaged, the leaves are poisoned by water. When the seedlings are injured, the leaves become black and die from the flooding. When the plants become damaged, the edges of the leaves turn green and white and dry, or the entire plant suddenly changes. Weary. 2, nitrogen dioxide gas harm in the fertilizer is too large, the soil from alkaline to acidic conditions, the nitrifying bacteria activity is inhibited, nitrogen dioxide can not be converted into nitric acid nitrogen in time and cause harm. Symptoms are irregular water-soaked spots behind the upper leaves of the plant or brown spots on the leaves. After 2-3 days, the leaves are dry and the plants die when they are severe. The main measures to prevent the above-mentioned fertilizers are to use sufficiently mature manure. When applying chemical fertilizers, especially urea and ammonium bicarbonate, it is imperative to apply sparingly, apply water in a timely manner, and strengthen ventilation. When ammonia harm occurs, spraying 1% vinegar on the back of leaves can significantly reduce the hazard. V. Physiological obstacles Excess or deficiency of nutrients in the soil can cause physiological disorders in the eggplant and affect its normal growth. 1. The color of nitrogen-deficient leaves became pale, the old leaves were yellow, and when they were heavy, they wilted and fell off. The buds stopped growing and turned yellow, and the heart leaves became smaller. The main reason is that soil nitrogen content is small; soil moisture content, affect the conversion of effective nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizer is not uniform. Prevent and control methods to prevent accumulation of water, apply high-quality fertilizer and fertilizer as base fertilizer. Nitrogen deficiency and timely addition of ammonium nitrate, ammonium bicarbonate, urea and other available nitrogen fertilizer. 2. Phosphorus-deficient stalks are slender, with well-developed fibers, germination, differentiation, and prolonged fruiting. The leaves become smaller, the color becomes darker, and the veins become red. Main reasons: The soil is acidic, phosphorus is fixed by iron and magnesium, and cannot be absorbed. Low ground temperature, high soil moisture, and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer hinder the absorption of phosphorus by eggplant. Control methods Apply diammonium and superphosphate and other phosphate fertilizers as base fertilizer. Phosphorus was found during the cultivation and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.5% superphosphate solution was sprayed on the foliage. 3. In the initial period of potassium fertilizer, the heart leaves become smaller, the growth is slower, the leaf color becomes lighter, and the chlorosis occurs between the veins in the later period, yellow-white patches appear, and the leaf edge of the leaf tip gradually becomes dry. Main reasons: The soil contains less potassium, and the amount of potash fertilizer is insufficient. On the ground temperature, lack of light and high soil moisture hinder the absorption of potassium by eggplant. Control methods: Apply organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, prevent soil water accumulation, timely cultivating and raising ground temperature; exposing grass cover on time; when potassium deficiency is found, directly apply potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, ash, or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the soil. The solution and 10% ash leaching solution were sprayed with foliar fertilizer. 4, calcium-deficient plants growth point is slow, growth point malformation, young leaf margin chlorosis, leaf reticular veins brown, showing rust-like leaves. The cultivation of eggplant in soil that has been growing vegetables for many years can cause calcium deficiency, or drought can prevent the absorption of calcium by the eggplant. Control methods watered and fertilized on time. In the absence of calcium, supplement calcium fertilizer or spray fertilizer with 20% calcium chloride solution, 1-2 times per week. 5. In the vicinity of the magnesium-deficient leaf veins, especially near the main veins, the leaves turn yellow, the leaves become chlorotic, the fruits become smaller and the development is poor. The main reason: the soil contains less magnesium or calcium, potassium, and nitrogen have an antagonistic effect. Impede the absorption of calcium by eggplant. Control methods Increase organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers containing magnesium, pay attention to the proportion of various fertilizers. When magnesium deficiency is found in the cultivation, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer may be applied or sprayed with 20% sulfur-phosphorus magnesium once a week.

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